玩转 docker 入门(10) 利用docker搭建LAMP(php5+mysql+apache2)集成环境

1. 前言

        之前的文章中,都是分步骤的单独下载镜像使用,而且感觉docker使用起来确实是很简单,根本没什么难事.

        一旦将几个镜像同时放在一起,并用上volume和network的时候.这趟坑的过程,还真不是一般的苦.

        从这篇文章开始,我会陆续的将那些趟过的坑写出来,好让各位看官在看了之后少走一点弯路.

        以下操作步骤均为我已经验证过的,正常按照流程走是完全可以顺利运行的.

 

2. 目的

        这次我们想通过docker搭建一个LAMP的集成环境. 本来docker提倡的是每个容器做一件单独的事情.LAMP也就是需要php , mysql , apache 三个镜像来实现,但我在网上找了不少的教程和贴字来看.普遍都是有问题.所以我们这次就先搭建一个LAMP的集成环境.后期再不断的改进.

 

3. 操作步骤

1. 搜索并下载镜像

        我们先搜索lamp.

# docker search lamp

        选择星级最高的linode/lamp这个镜像进行下载

# docker pull linode/lamp

2. 查看镜像的使用说明(重点)

        到docker hub的官网去搜索linode/lamp这个镜像,可以查看到他的具体使用说明及tag

https://hub.docker.com/

搜索的结果如下: (左侧框是镜像的名称,右侧框是镜像的详细信息)

点击进入详情页后,可以看到具体的使用说明.

每个使用说明都推荐大家认真观看,看过后会少走好些弯路.

这里我们可以看出vhost的目录结构 , mysql的root密码是Admin2015 , 以及其他的配置信息.

3. 建立docker卷

docker volume create lamp_www           # apache的web根目录
docker volume create lamp_apache_conf   # apache的配置目录
docker volume create lamp_mysql_conf    # MySQL的配置目录
docker volume create lamp_mysql_data    # MySQL的数据目录

已经建立好的docker卷,在宿主机的目录为:

/var/lib/docker/volumes/

4. 启动镜像

docker run -it -p 80:80 -p 3306:3306 -v lamp_www:/var/www -v lamp_apache_conf:/etc/apache2 -v lamp_mysql_conf:/etc/mysql -v lamp_mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql --name lamp linode/lamp /bin/bash

# 解释：
# docker run：运行一个container，如果后面要绑定宿主主机的0-1024端口需要使用sudo
# -p port1:port2: 将宿主机的端口port1映射到容器中的port2
# -v volume:path: 将宿主机的docker卷映射到容器中的指定的路径
# -t -i linode/lamp /bin/bash：使用linode/lamp生成容器，并打开shell

按照官方镜像的说明,我们使用了-i和-t两个参数,直接进入到了容器内.

如果想退出容器,请不要使用exit或ctrl+d.这样会将容器直接关闭.

退出请使用ctrl + p , ctrl + q

        上面的启动命令中一共映射了四个路径，分别是apache的web根目录，apache和MySQL的两个主配置文件，及MySQL的数据目录.这些都是为了方便我们后续直接在宿主机上对配置文件和web文件的修改进行的操作,利用docker卷映射了数据库的目录也能保证镜像再次运行的时候数据不会丢失.

5. 查看docker卷里是否已经有映射的目录

        先使用ctrl + p , ctrl + q退出主机

        进入宿主机的/var/lib/docker/volumes/目录,可以看到docker卷对应的目录

        进入lamp_mysql_data这个卷的目录,可以看到镜像中的数据库目录已经映射到宿主机里了.

        这个卷只要不删除,其数据就一直存在其中.这样避免了镜像重启后数据丢失的情况.

6. 在终端中对lamp环境作个性化配置

(1) 再次进入终端

docker exec -it lamp bash

(2) 启动apache2和mysql

service apache2 start
service mysql start

# 可以通过netstat -pant 命令查看80和3306端口有没有开启成功

(3) 设置mysql允许root远程登录,及设置root的密码

mysql -u root -p
#密码：Admin2015

#修改root可远程登录：
mysql>use mysql;
mysql>update user set host = '%' where user = 'root' and host='127.0.0.1';

#修改密码：
mysql>update user set password=password("your_password") where user='root';

#刷新权限
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

(4) 安装php扩展

apt-get update
apt-get install -y php5-mysql
apt-get install -y php5-gd

...

#然后重启apache2:
service apache2 restart

#再次确认mysql和apache2有没有安装成功：
netstat -pant

可以通过下面的命令查看服务器上有哪些php的扩展:

apt-cache search php5-* 

7. 将程序和数据库分别上传,测试是否可用

 

三. 结语

        到此,LAMP集成环境已经搭建成功了,但还不是很理想.一旦容器停止,这个环境还得重新配置.

        接下来我会探索通过dockerfiles,或通过docker-composer,或通过sh脚本实现便捷的一键部署环境的方法.

        希望大家持续的关注我接下来的文章.

        感谢https://blog.csdn.net/MasonQAQ/article/details/78048112这篇文章,正是站在了他的肩膀上,我才能将这篇经验整理出来.感谢! 感谢! 感谢! (重要的事情说三遍)

 

四. 配置文件

Mysql: my.cnf

#
# The MySQL database server configuration file.
#
# You can copy this to one of:
# - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options,
# - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options.
#
# One can use all long options that the program supports.
# Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with
# --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html

# This will be passed to all mysql clients
# It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes
# escpecially if they contain "#" chars...
# Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location.
[client]
port        = 3306
socket      = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

# Here is entries for some specific programs
# The following values assume you have at least 32M ram

# This was formally known as [safe_mysqld]. Both versions are currently parsed.
[mysqld_safe]
socket      = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
nice        = 0

[mysqld]
#
# * Basic Settings
#
user        = mysql
pid-file    = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket      = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port        = 3306
basedir     = /usr
datadir     = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir      = /tmp
lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql
skip-external-locking
#
# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
bind-address        = 0.0.0.0
#
# * Fine Tuning
#
key_buffer      = 32M
max_allowed_packet  = 1M
thread_stack        = 128K
thread_cache_size       = 8
# This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed
# the first time they are touched
myisam-recover         = BACKUP
max_connections        = 75
table_cache            = 32
#thread_concurrency     = 10
#
# * Query Cache Configuration
#
query_cache_limit   = 1M
query_cache_size        = 16M
#
# * Logging and Replication
#
# Both location gets rotated by the cronjob.
# Be aware that this log type is a performance killer.
# As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime!
#general_log_file        = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
#general_log             = 1
#
# Error log - should be very few entries.
#
log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
#
# Here you can see queries with especially long duration
#log_slow_queries   = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
#long_query_time = 2
#log-queries-not-using-indexes
#
# The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication.
# note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about
#       other settings you may need to change.
#server-id      = 1
#log_bin            = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
expire_logs_days    = 10
max_binlog_size         = 100M
#binlog_do_db       = include_database_name
#binlog_ignore_db   = include_database_name
#
# * InnoDB
#
# InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/.
# Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many!
#
# * Security Features
#
# Read the manual, too, if you want chroot!
# chroot = /var/lib/mysql/
#
# For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca".
#
# ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem
# ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem
# ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem



[mysqldump]
quick
quote-names
max_allowed_packet  = 16M

[mysql]
#no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completition

[isamchk]
key_buffer      = 16M

#
# * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file!
#   The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored.
#
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/

Apache: apache2.conf

# This is the main Apache server configuration file.  It contains the
# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
# See http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/ for detailed information about
# the directives and /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian about Debian specific
# hints.
#
#
# Summary of how the Apache 2 configuration works in Debian:
# The Apache 2 web server configuration in Debian is quite different to
# upstream's suggested way to configure the web server. This is because Debian's
# default Apache2 installation attempts to make adding and removing modules,
# virtual hosts, and extra configuration directives as flexible as possible, in
# order to make automating the changes and administering the server as easy as
# possible.

# It is split into several files forming the configuration hierarchy outlined
# below, all located in the /etc/apache2/ directory:
#
#   /etc/apache2/
#   |-- apache2.conf
#   |   `--  ports.conf
#   |-- mods-enabled
#   |   |-- *.load
#   |   `-- *.conf
#   |-- conf-enabled
#   |   `-- *.conf
#   `-- sites-enabled
#       `-- *.conf
#
#
# * apache2.conf is the main configuration file (this file). It puts the pieces
#   together by including all remaining configuration files when starting up the
#   web server.
#
# * ports.conf is always included from the main configuration file. It is
#   supposed to determine listening ports for incoming connections which can be
#   customized anytime.
#
# * Configuration files in the mods-enabled/, conf-enabled/ and sites-enabled/
#   directories contain particular configuration snippets which manage modules,
#   global configuration fragments, or virtual host configurations,
#   respectively.
#
#   They are activated by symlinking available configuration files from their
#   respective *-available/ counterparts. These should be managed by using our
#   helpers a2enmod/a2dismod, a2ensite/a2dissite and a2enconf/a2disconf. See
#   their respective man pages for detailed information.
#
# * The binary is called apache2. Due to the use of environment variables, in
#   the default configuration, apache2 needs to be started/stopped with
#   /etc/init.d/apache2 or apache2ctl. Calling /usr/bin/apache2 directly will not
#   work with the default configuration.


# Global configuration
#

#
# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
#
# NOTE!  If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network)
# mounted filesystem then please read the Mutex documentation (available
# at <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#mutex>);
# you will save yourself a lot of trouble.
#
# Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path.
#
#ServerRoot "/etc/apache2"

#
# The accept serialization lock file MUST BE STORED ON A LOCAL DISK.
#
Mutex file:${APACHE_LOCK_DIR} default

#
# PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process
# identification number when it starts.
# This needs to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars
#
PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE}

#
# Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out.
#
Timeout 300

#
# KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than
# one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate.
#
KeepAlive Off

#
# MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow
# during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount.
# We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance.
#
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100

#
# KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the
# same client on the same connection.
#
KeepAliveTimeout 5


# These need to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars
User ${APACHE_RUN_USER}
Group ${APACHE_RUN_GROUP}

#
# HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses
# e.g., www.apache.org (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off).
# The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people
# had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that
# each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the
# nameserver.
#
HostnameLookups Off

# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
# logged here.  If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
#
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
#
# LogLevel: Control the severity of messages logged to the error_log.
# Available values: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
# error, crit, alert, emerg.
# It is also possible to configure the log level for particular modules, e.g.
# "LogLevel info ssl:warn"
#
LogLevel warn

# Include module configuration:
IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.load
IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.conf

# Include list of ports to listen on
Include ports.conf


# Sets the default security model of the Apache2 HTTPD server. It does
# not allow access to the root filesystem outside of /usr/share and /var/www.
# The former is used by web applications packaged in Debian,
# the latter may be used for local directories served by the web server. If
# your system is serving content from a sub-directory in /srv you must allow
# access here, or in any related virtual host.
<Directory />
    Options FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Require all denied
</Directory>

<Directory /usr/share>
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

<Directory /var/www/>
    Options FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

#<Directory /srv/>
#   Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
#   AllowOverride None
#   Require all granted
#</Directory>




# AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory
# for additional configuration directives.  See also the AllowOverride
# directive.
#
AccessFileName .htaccess

#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being
# viewed by Web clients.
#
<FilesMatch "^\.ht">
    Require all denied
</FilesMatch>


#
# The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
# a CustomLog directive.
#
# These deviate from the Common Log Format definitions in that they use %O
# (the actual bytes sent including headers) instead of %b (the size of the
# requested file), because the latter makes it impossible to detect partial
# requests.
#
# Note that the use of %{X-Forwarded-For}i instead of %h is not recommended.
# Use mod_remoteip instead.
#
LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common
LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer
LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent

# Include of directories ignores editors' and dpkg's backup files,
# see README.Debian for details.

# Include generic snippets of statements
IncludeOptional conf-enabled/*.conf

# Include the virtual host configurations:
IncludeOptional sites-enabled/*.conf

# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet

<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>
StartServers 2
MinSpareServers 6
MaxSpareServers 12
MaxClients 30
MaxRequestsPerChild 3000
</IfModule>

ServerName localhost