Ubuntu18更新软件源、安装python3.8和安装pip

一、更新软件源

• 1）首先，打开sources.list文件
  sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
  若没有vim，则需要进行安装。
  sudo apt-get install vim-gtk
• 2）进入sources.list后，按i输入，在最后添加以下的国内源：

阿里源地址

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

华为源地址

deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-security universe

中科大源地址

deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

清华源地址

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

• 3）按Esc键，同时输入:wq后保存退出。

• 4）输入命令更新系统软件源地址:
  sudo apt-get update

二、安装python3.8

在 Ubuntu 18.中，python3 的默认版本为 3.6

$ python3 -V
Python 3.6.9

• 1）安装依赖包

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install software-properties-common

• 2）添加 deadsnakes PPA 源

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa

• 3）安装 python 3.8

$ sudo apt install python3.8

$ python3.8 -V

• 4）配置 python3.8 为系统默认 python3，将 python 各版本添加到 update-alternatives

$ which python3.8

/usr/bin/python3.8

$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.8 1

$ which python3.6

/usr/bin/python3.6

$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.6 2

• 5）配置 python3 默认指向 python3.8

$ sudo update-alternatives --config python3

There are 2 choices for the alternative python3 (providing /usr/bin/python3).

Selection Path Priority Status

------------------------------------------------------------

* 0 /usr/bin/python3.6 2 auto mode

1 /usr/bin/python3.6 2 manual mode

2 /usr/bin/python3.8 1 manual mode

Press to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number: 2

选择/输入 2, 回车。

• 6）测试 python 版本

$ python3 -V

Python 3.8.2

三、安装pip

$ sudo apt install python3-pip

如若出现以下错误

解决办法

sudo apt install gsettings-desktop-schemas

再安装

sudo apt-get install build-essential

然后，再次安装pip

$ sudo apt install python3-pip