IPC之信号量

信号量
* 2种类型
  - 二值信号量（取值为0或1的信号量，常用于进程间的"互斥锁"）
  - 计数信号量（如生产者消费者问题等）
* 2个操作
  - P：等待信号量>0，然后将信号量--；
  - V：信号量++，如果有则唤起一个等待信号量>0的进程

数据结构semid_ds（#include<sys/sem.h>）

struct semid_ds {
	truct ipc_perm sem_perm; /* operation permission struct */
	struct sem *sem_base;    /* ptr to first semaphore in set */
	ushort sem_nsems;        /* # of semaphores in set */
	time_t sem_otime;        /* last semop time */
	time_t sem_ctime;        /* last change time */
};
struct ipc_perm {
    key_t key;            /* Key supplied to semget() */
    uid_t uid;            /* Effective UID of owner */
    gid_t gid;            /* Effective GID of owner */
    uid_t cuid;           /* Effective UID of creator */
    gid_t cgid;           /* Effective GID of creator */
    unsigned short mode;  /* Permissions */
    unsigned short seq;   /* Sequence number */
};
struct sem {
	ushort semval;   /* semaphore text map address */
	short sempid;    /* pid of last operation */
	ushort semncnt;  /* # awaiting semval > cval */
	ushort semzcnt;  /* # awaiting semval = 0 */
};

相关函数

#include <sys/sem.h>
// 创建或打开一个信号量
int semget(key_t key, int num_sems, int sem_flags);
// PV操作改变信号量的值
int semop(int sem_id, struct sembuf *sem_ops, size_t num_sem_ops);
// 控制操作，如删除等
int semctl(int sem_id, int sem_num, int command, ...);

使用例子
[P操作：SemP.cpp，循环 { P操作 } ]

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    key_t iKey;
    int iSemId;

    // Get Sem Key
    const char *pSemPath = "/data/home/andyawang/code/ipc/Semaphore";
    if ((iKey = ftok(pSemPath, 1)) == -1) {
        cout << "Ftok Err" << endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 1.semget
    if ((iSemId = semget(iKey, 1, IPC_CREAT|0666)) == -1) {
        cout << "Semget Err" << endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 2.semop(P,--)
    for(int i = 0; i < 5; i ++)
    {
        struct sembuf sSem;
        sSem.sem_num = 0;
        sSem.sem_op = -1;
        sSem.sem_flg = 0;
        if (semop(iSemId, &sSem, 1) == -1) {
            cout << "Semop Err" << endl;
            return -1;
        }
        cout << "Semop P Suc" << endl;
    }

    // 3.semctl
    if (semctl(iSemId, 0, IPC_RMID) == -1) {
        cout << "Semctl Err" << endl;
        return -1;
    }

    return 0;
}

[V操作：SemV.cpp，进行一次V操作 ]

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    key_t iKey;
    int iSemId;

    // Get Sem Key
    const char *pSemPath = "/data/home/andyawang/code/ipc/Semaphore";
    if ((iKey = ftok(pSemPath, 1)) == -1) {
        cout << "Ftok Err" << endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 1.semget
    if ((iSemId = semget(iKey, 1, IPC_CREAT|0666)) == -1) {
        cout << "Semget Err" << endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 2.semop(V,++)
    struct sembuf sSem;
    sSem.sem_num = 0;
    sSem.sem_op = 1;
    sSem.sem_flg = 0;
    if (semop(iSemId, &sSem, 1) == -1) {
        cout << "Semop Err" << endl;
        return -1;
    }
    cout << "Semop V Suc" << endl;

    return 0;
}