Android编译,打包、签名详细教程

Author:Jojol 
Data:2010.08.04 

1.Android程序编译、打包、签名、发布的三种方式: 
方式一:命令行手动编译打包 
方式二:使用ant自动编译打包 
方式三:使用eclipse+ADT编译打包 

2.Android编译、打包的步骤: 
2.1第一步 生成R.java类文件: 
Eclipse中会自动生成R.java,ant和命令行使用android SDK提供的aapt.ext程序生成R.java。 

2.2第二步 将.aidl文件生成.java类文件: 
Eclipse中自动生成,ant和命令行使用android SDK提供的aidl.exe生成.java文件。 

2.3第三步 编译.java类文件生成class文件: 
Eclipse中自动生成,ant和命令行使用jdk的javac编译java类文件生成class文件。 

2.4第四步 将class文件打包生成classes.dex文件: 
Eclipse中自动生成,ant和命令行使用android SDK提供的dx.bat命令行脚本生成classes.dex文件。 

2.5第五步 打包资源文件(包括res、assets、androidmanifest.xml等): 
Eclipse中自动生成,ant和命令行使用Android SDK提供的aapt.exe生成资源包文件。 

2.6第六步 生成未签名的apk安装文件: 
Eclipse中自动生成debug签名文件存放在bin目录中,ant和命令行使用android SDK提供的apkbuilder.bat命令脚本生成未签名的apk安装文件。 

2.7第七步 对未签名的apk进行签名生成签名后的android文件: 
Eclipse中使用Android Tools进行签名,ant和命令行使用jdk的jarsigner对未签名的包进行apk签名。 

 


3.命令行手动编译打包详解 
详见:http://jojol-zhou.iteye.com/blog/729254 

4.ant自动打包android程序详解
 
4.1生成R.java类文件: 
    <!-- Generate the R.java file for this project's resources. --> 
    <target name="resource-src" depends="copy"> 
        <echo>Generating R.java / Manifest.java from the resources...</echo> 
        <exec executable="${aapt}" failοnerrοr="true"> 
<arg value="package" /> 
<arg value="-m" /> 
<arg value="-J" /> 
<arg value="${outdir-gen}" /> 
<arg value="-M" /> 
<arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" /> 
<arg value="-S" /> 
<arg value="${resource-dir}" /> 
<arg value="-I" /> 
<arg value="${android-jar}" /> 
</exec> 
    </target> 

4.2将.aidl文件生成.java类文件: 
    <!-- Generate java classes from .aidl files. --> 
    <target name="aidl" depends="copy"> 
        <echo>Compiling aidl files into Java classes...</echo> 
        <apply executable="${aidl}" failοnerrοr="true"> 
            <arg value="-p${android-framework}" /> 
            <arg value="-I${srcdir}" /> 
            <fileset dir="${srcdir}"> 
                <include name="**/*.aidl"/> 
            </fileset> 
        </apply> 
</target> 

4.3编译.java类文件生成class文件: 
    <!-- Compile this project's .java files into .class files. --> 
    <target name="compile" depends="copy, resource-src, aidl"> 
        <javac encoding="GB18030" target="1.5" debug="true" extdirs="" 
                srcdir="." 
                destdir="${outdir-classes}" 
                bootclasspath="${android-jar}"> 
            <classpath> 
                <fileset dir="${external-libs}" includes="*.jar"/> 
            </classpath> 
         </javac> 
    </target> 
   
4.4第四步 将class文件打包生成classes.dex文件: 
    <!-- Convert this project's .class files into .dex files. --> 
    <target name="dex" depends="compile"> 
        <echo>Converting compiled files and external libraries into ${outdir}/${dex-file}...</echo> 
        <apply executable="${dx}" failοnerrοr="true" parallel="true"> 
            <arg value="--dex" /> 
            <arg value="--output=${intermediate-dex-ospath}" /> 
            <arg path="${outdir-obfuscate-classes-ospath}" /> 
            <fileset dir="${external-libs}" includes="*.jar"/> 
        </apply> 
    </target> 
4.5第五步 打包资源文件(包括res、assets、androidmanifest.xml等): 
   <!-- Put the project's resources into the output package file. --> 
    <target name="package-res-and-assets"> 
        <echo>Packaging resources and assets...</echo> 
        <exec executable="${aapt}" failοnerrοr="true"> 
            <arg value="package" /> 
            <arg value="-f" /> 
            <arg value="-M" /> 
            <arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" /> 
            <arg value="-S" /> 
            <arg value="${resource-dir}" /> 
            <arg value="-A" /> 
            <arg value="${asset-dir}" /> 
            <arg value="-I" /> 
            <arg value="${android-jar}" /> 
            <arg value="-F" /> 
            <arg value="${resources-package}" /> 
        </exec> 
    </target> 
4.6第六步 生成未签名的apk安装文件: 
   <target name="package" depends="dex, package-res"> 
        <echo>Packaging ${out-unsigned-package} for release...</echo> 
        <exec executable="${apk-builder}" failοnerrοr="true"> 
            <arg value="${out-unsigned-package-ospath}" /> 
            <arg value="-u" /> 
            <arg value="-z" /> 
            <arg value="${resources-package-ospath}" /> 
            <arg value="-f" /> 
            <arg value="${intermediate-dex-ospath}" /> 
            <arg value="-rf" /> 
            <arg value="${srcdir-ospath}" /> 
            <arg value="-rj" /> 
            <arg value="${external-libs-ospath}" /> 
        </exec> 
        <echo>It will need to be signed with jarsigner before being published.</echo> 
    </target> 
    
4.7第七步 对未签名的apk进行签名生成签名后的android文件: 
<target name="jarsigner" depends="package"> 
<echo>Packaging ${out-unsigned-package} for release...</echo> 
<exec executable="${jarsigner}" failοnerrοr="true"> 
<arg value="-verbose" /> 
<arg value="-storepass" /> 
<arg value="byread002" /> 
<arg value="-keypass" /> 
<arg value="byread002" /> 
<arg value="-keystore" /> 
<arg value="bbyread.keystore" /> 
<arg value="-signedjar" /> 
<arg value="${out-signed-package-ospath}" /> 
<arg value="${out-unsigned-package-ospath}" /> 
<arg value="byread" /> 
</exec> 
</target> 

Java代码   收藏代码
  1. <?xml version="1.0" ?>  
  2.     <!--  
  3.   byread Package Utility  
  4.   Author: Jojol Zhou  
  5.   Date: 20100804  
  6.     -->  
  7. <project name="Byread" default="debug">  
  8.     <!-- SDK Locations -->  
  9.     <property name="sdk2.2-folder" value="F:\explorer\android-sdk-windows2.2" />  
  10.     <property name="sdk-folder" value="${sdk2.2-folder}/platforms/android-3" />  
  11.     <property name="sdk-tools" value="${sdk-folder}/tools" />  
  12.     <property name="android-tools" value="${sdk2.2-folder}/tools" />  
  13.     <property name="proguardpath" location="${wtkhome}/lib/proguard" />  
  14.   
  15.         <!-- step 1.generate R.java by aapt  2.compile java to class by javac。exe 3.generate classes.dex by dx.bat  -->  
  16.         <!-- 4.package resources by aapt 5package resource and classes.dex by apkbuilder.bat 6.sign apk by jarsinger -->  
  17.     <!-- Tools -->  
  18.     <property name="aapt" value="${sdk-tools}/aapt.exe" />  
  19.     <property name="dx" value="${sdk-tools}/dx.bat" />  
  20.     <property name="apk-builder" value="${android-tools}/apkbuilder.bat" />  
  21.     <property name="aidl" value="${android-tools}/aidl.exe" />  
  22.     <property name="adb" value="${android-tools}/adb.exe" />  
  23.     <property name="android-jar" value="${sdk-folder}/android.jar" />  
  24.     <property name="jarsigner" value="C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_07\bin\jarsigner.exe" />  
  25.   
  26.     <!-- Application Package Name -->  
  27.     <property name="application-package" value="com.byread.reader" />  
  28.     <property name="useragent" value="byAndroidWeb" />  
  29.     <property name="version" value="1.02" />  
  30.     <!-- The intermediates directory -->  
  31.     <!-- Eclipse uses "bin" for its own output, so we do the same. -->  
  32.     <property name="outdir-bin" value="bin" />  
  33.     <property name="outdir-gen" value="gen" />  
  34.     <!-- source directories -->  
  35.         <property name="resource-dir" value="res" />  
  36.     <property name="asset-dir" value="assets" />  
  37.     <property name="srcdir" value="src" />  
  38.     <property name="srcdir-ospath" value="${basedir}/${srcdir}" />  
  39.     <property name="external-libs" value="libs" />  
  40.     <property name="external-libs-ospath" value="${basedir}/${external-libs}" />  
  41.       
  42.     <!-- dest directories -->  
  43.     <property name="des-resource-dir" value="${outdir-bin}/res" />  
  44.     <property name="des-asset-dir" value="${outdir-bin}/assets" />  
  45.     <property name="des-srcdir" value="${outdir-bin}/src" />  
  46.     <property name="des-srcdir-ospath" value="${basedir}/${outdir-bin}/${srcdir}" />  
  47.     <property name="des-external-libs" value="${outdir-bin}/libs" />  
  48.     <property name="des-external-libs-ospath" value="${basedir}/${outdir-bin}/${external-libs}" />  
  49.       
  50.     <!-- Output directories -->  
  51.     <property name="outdir-classes" value="${outdir-bin}/src" />  
  52.     <property name="outdir-obfuscate-classes" value="${outdir-bin}/classes" />  
  53.     <property name="outdir-obfuscate-classes-ospath" value="${basedir}/${outdir-obfuscate-classes}" />  
  54.   
  55.     <!-- Intermediate files -->  
  56.     <property name="dex-file" value="classes.dex" />  
  57.     <property name="intermediate-dex" value="${outdir-bin}/${dex-file}" />  
  58.     <property name="intermediate-dex-ospath" value="${basedir}/${intermediate-dex}" />  
  59.   
  60.     <!-- The final package file to generate -->  
  61.     <property name="resources-package" value="${outdir-bin}/${ant.project.name}" />  
  62.     <property name="resources-package-ospath" value="${basedir}/${resources-package}" />  
  63.     <property name="out-debug-package" value="${outdir-bin}/${ant.project.name}-debug.apk" />  
  64.     <property name="out-debug-package-ospath" value="${basedir}/${out-debug-package}" />  
  65.     <property name="out-unsigned-package" value="${outdir-bin}/${ant.project.name}-unsigned.apk" />  
  66.     <property name="out-unsigned-package-ospath" value="${basedir}/${out-unsigned-package}" />  
  67.         <property name="out-signed-package" value="${useragent}\${ant.project.name}.apk" />  
  68.         <property name="out-signed-package-ospath" value="${basedir}\${out-signed-package}" />  
  69.           
  70.   
  71.     <!-- init -->  
  72.         <target name="init">  
  73.         <echo>Creating all output directories </echo>  
  74.         <delete dir="${outdir-bin}" />  
  75.         <delete dir="${useragent}" />  
  76.         <mkdir dir="${outdir-bin}" />  
  77.         <mkdir dir="${outdir-classes}" />  
  78.         <mkdir dir="${useragent}" />  
  79.     </target>  
  80.       
  81.     <!-- copy original strings and modify useragent -->  
  82.     <target name="copy" depends="init">  
  83.         <echo>copy files to output folder</echo>  
  84.         <delete file="${resource-dir}\values\strings.xml"/>  
  85.         <copy file="strings.xml" todir="${resource-dir}\values" />  
  86.         <replace file="${resource-dir}\values\strings.xml" token="@USERAGENT@" value="${useragent}" encoding="utf-8"/>  
  87.     </target>  
  88.   
  89.     <!-- Generate the R.java file for this project's resources. -->  
  90.     <target name="resource-src" depends="copy">  
  91.         <echo>Generating R.java / Manifest.java from the resources...</echo>  
  92.         <exec executable="${aapt}" failοnerrοr="true">  
  93.                     <arg value="package" />  
  94.                     <arg value="-m" />  
  95.                     <arg value="-J" />  
  96.                     <arg value="${outdir-gen}" />  
  97.                     <arg value="-M" />  
  98.                     <arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" />  
  99.                     <arg value="-S" />  
  100.                     <arg value="${resource-dir}" />  
  101.                     <arg value="-I" />  
  102.                     <arg value="${android-jar}" />  
  103.                 </exec>  
  104.     </target>  
  105.   
  106.     <!-- Generate java classes from .aidl files. -->  
  107.     <target name="aidl" depends="copy">  
  108.         <echo>Compiling aidl files into Java classes...</echo>  
  109.         <apply executable="${aidl}" failοnerrοr="true">  
  110.             <arg value="-p${android-framework}" />  
  111.             <arg value="-I${srcdir}" />  
  112.             <fileset dir="${srcdir}">  
  113.                 <include name="**/*.aidl"/>  
  114.             </fileset>  
  115.         </apply>  
  116.     </target>  
  117.   
  118.     <!-- Compile this project's .java files into .class files. -->  
  119.     <target name="compile" depends="copy, resource-src, aidl">  
  120.         <javac encoding="GB18030" target="1.5" debug="true" extdirs=""  
  121.                 srcdir="."  
  122.                 destdir="${outdir-classes}"  
  123.                 bootclasspath="${android-jar}">  
  124.             <classpath>  
  125.                 <fileset dir="${external-libs}" includes="*.jar"/>  
  126.             </classpath>  
  127.          </javac>  
  128.     </target>  
  129.       
  130.   
  131.   
  132.   
  133.     <!-- Convert this project's .class files into .dex files. -->  
  134.     <target name="dex" depends="compile">  
  135.         <echo>Converting compiled files and external libraries into ${outdir}/${dex-file}...</echo>  
  136.         <apply executable="${dx}" failοnerrοr="true" parallel="true">  
  137.             <arg value="--dex" />  
  138.             <arg value="--output=${intermediate-dex-ospath}" />  
  139.             <arg path="${outdir-obfuscate-classes-ospath}" />  
  140.             <fileset dir="${external-libs}" includes="*.jar"/>  
  141.         </apply>  
  142.     </target>  
  143.   
  144.     <!-- Put the project's resources into the output package file. -->  
  145.     <target name="package-res-and-assets">  
  146.         <echo>Packaging resources and assets...</echo>  
  147.         <exec executable="${aapt}" failοnerrοr="true">  
  148.             <arg value="package" />  
  149.             <arg value="-f" />  
  150.             <arg value="-M" />  
  151.             <arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" />  
  152.             <arg value="-S" />  
  153.             <arg value="${resource-dir}" />  
  154.             <arg value="-A" />  
  155.             <arg value="${asset-dir}" />  
  156.             <arg value="-I" />  
  157.             <arg value="${android-jar}" />  
  158.             <arg value="-F" />  
  159.             <arg value="${resources-package}" />  
  160.         </exec>  
  161.     </target>  
  162.   
  163.     <!-- Same as package-res-and-assets, but without "-A ${asset-dir}" -->  
  164.     <target name="package-res-no-assets">  
  165.         <echo>Packaging resources...</echo>  
  166.         <exec executable="${aapt}" failοnerrοr="true">  
  167.             <arg value="package" />  
  168.             <arg value="-f" />  
  169.             <arg value="-M" />  
  170.             <arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" />  
  171.             <arg value="-S" />  
  172.             <arg value="${resource-dir}" />  
  173.             <!-- No assets directory -->  
  174.             <arg value="-I" />  
  175.             <arg value="${android-jar}" />  
  176.             <arg value="-F" />  
  177.             <arg value="${resources-package}" />  
  178.         </exec>  
  179.     </target>  
  180.   
  181.     <!-- Invoke the proper target depending on whether or not  
  182.          an assets directory is present. -->  
  183.     <!-- TODO: find a nicer way to include the "-A ${asset-dir}" argument  
  184.          only when the assets dir exists. -->  
  185.     <target name="package-res">  
  186.         <available file="${asset-dir}" type="dir"  
  187.                 property="res-target" value="and-assets" />  
  188.         <property name="res-target" value="no-assets" />  
  189.         <antcall target="package-res-${res-target}" />  
  190.     </target>  
  191.   
  192.     <!-- Package the application and sign it with a debug key.  
  193.          This is the default target when building. It is used for debug. -->  
  194.     <target name="debug" depends="dex, package-res">  
  195.         <echo>Packaging ${out-debug-package}, and signing it with a debug key...</echo>  
  196.         <exec executable="${apk-builder}" failοnerrοr="true">  
  197.             <arg value="${out-debug-package-ospath}" />  
  198.             <arg value="-z" />  
  199.             <arg value="${resources-package-ospath}" />  
  200.             <arg value="-f" />  
  201.             <arg value="${intermediate-dex-ospath}" />  
  202.             <arg value="-rf" />  
  203.             <arg value="${srcdir-ospath}" />  
  204.             <arg value="-rj" />  
  205.             <arg value="${external-libs-ospath}" />  
  206.         </exec>  
  207.     </target>  
  208.   
  209.     <!-- Package the application without signing it.  
  210.          This allows for the application to be signed later with an official publishing key. -->  
  211.     <target name="package" depends="dex, package-res">  
  212.         <echo>Packaging ${out-unsigned-packagefor release...</echo>  
  213.         <exec executable="${apk-builder}" failοnerrοr="true">  
  214.             <arg value="${out-unsigned-package-ospath}" />  
  215.             <arg value="-u" />  
  216.             <arg value="-z" />  
  217.             <arg value="${resources-package-ospath}" />  
  218.             <arg value="-f" />  
  219.             <arg value="${intermediate-dex-ospath}" />  
  220.             <arg value="-rf" />  
  221.             <arg value="${srcdir-ospath}" />  
  222.             <arg value="-rj" />  
  223.             <arg value="${external-libs-ospath}" />  
  224.         </exec>  
  225.         <echo>It will need to be signed with jarsigner before being published.</echo>  
  226.     </target>  
  227.       
  228.         <target name="jarsigner" depends="package">  
  229.             <echo>Packaging ${out-unsigned-packagefor release...</echo>  
  230.             <exec executable="${jarsigner}" failοnerrοr="true">  
  231.                 <arg value="-verbose" />  
  232.                 <arg value="-storepass" />  
  233.                 <arg value="byread002" />  
  234.                 <arg value="-keypass" />  
  235.                 <arg value="byread002" />  
  236.                 <arg value="-keystore" />  
  237.                 <arg value="bbyread.keystore" />  
  238.                 <arg value="-signedjar" />  
  239.                 <arg value="${out-signed-package-ospath}" />  
  240.                 <arg value="${out-unsigned-package-ospath}" />  
  241.                 <arg value="byread" />  
  242.             </exec>  
  243.         </target>  
  244.           
  245.         <target name="release" depends="jarsigner">  
  246.         <echo>release for release...</echo>  
  247.     </target>  
  248.       
  249.     <!-- Install the package on the default emulator -->  
  250.     <target name="install" depends="debug">  
  251.         <echo>Installing ${out-debug-package} onto default emulator...</echo>  
  252.         <exec executable="${adb}" failοnerrοr="true">  
  253.             <arg value="install" />  
  254.             <arg value="${out-debug-package}" />  
  255.         </exec>  
  256.     </target>  
  257.   
  258.     <target name="reinstall" depends="debug">  
  259.         <echo>Installing ${out-debug-package} onto default emulator...</echo>  
  260.         <exec executable="${adb}" failοnerrοr="true">  
  261.             <arg value="install" />  
  262.             <arg value="-r" />  
  263.             <arg value="${out-debug-package}" />  
  264.         </exec>  
  265.     </target>  
  266.   
  267.     <!-- Uinstall the package from the default emulator -->  
  268.     <target name="uninstall">  
  269.         <echo>Uninstalling ${application-package} from the default emulator...</echo>  
  270.         <exec executable="${adb}" failοnerrοr="true">  
  271.             <arg value="uninstall" />  
  272.             <arg value="${application-package}" />  
  273.         </exec>  
  274.     </target>  
  275.   
  276. </project>  

5.eclipse打包签名 
详见:http://jojol-zhou.iteye.com/blog/719428
 


参考: http://sinfrancis.iteye.com/blog/721582  
http://asantoso.wordpress.com/2009/09/15/how-to-build-android-application-package-apk-from-the-command-line-using-the-sdk-tools-continuously-integrated-using-cruisecontrol/  
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