nginx在Ubuntu下的简易使用

---

安装

sudo apt-get install nginx

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常用控制命令

1. 启动

   sudo systemctl start nginx
   

2. 停止

   sudo systemctl stop nginx
   

3. 重启

   sudo systemctl restart nginx
   

4. 查看运行状态

   sudo systemctl status nginx
   

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配置

nginx配置文件的逻辑

执行：

sudo nginx -t

返回:

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

默认的配置文件存放在/etc/nginx/nginx.conf，内容如下：

user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;

events {
        worker_connections 768;
        # multi_accept on;
}

http {

        ##
        # Basic Settings
        ##

        sendfile on;
        tcp_nopush on;
        tcp_nodelay on;
        keepalive_timeout 65;
        types_hash_max_size 2048;
        # server_tokens off;

        # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
        # server_name_in_redirect off;

        include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
        default_type application/octet-stream;

        ##
        # SSL Settings
        ##

        ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

        ##
        # Logging Settings
        ##

        access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
        error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

        ##
        # Gzip Settings
        ##

        gzip on;

        # gzip_vary on;
        # gzip_proxied any;
        # gzip_comp_level 6;
        # gzip_buffers 16 8k;
        # gzip_http_version 1.1;
        # gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

        ##
        # Virtual Host Configs
        ##

        include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
        include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}


#mail {
#       # See sample authentication script at:
#       # http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
#
#       # auth_http localhost/auth.php;
#       # pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
#       # imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
#
#       server {
#               listen     localhost:110;
#               protocol   pop3;
#               proxy      on;
#       }
#
#       server {
#               listen     localhost:143;
#               protocol   imap;
#               proxy      on;
#       }
#}

重点查看：

http {
	***此处省略部分内容***
	include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

nginx的配置文件支持嵌套，
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf文件里已经配置已经使用语句include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
包含了/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/文件夹下所有的文件。
使用以下语句查看该文件夹的内容：

ll /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

返回：

total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 14 22:02 ./
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Jan 14 22:05 ../
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   28 Jan 14 22:01 default-> /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

可以得出文件/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default是连接到/etc/nginx/sites-available/default。
为方便管理，我们也可以把真正的配置文件放在/etc/nginx/sites-available/目录下，在需要使用的时候使用软连接连接到/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/文件夹下。

新建配置文件

1. 切换到目录/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

   cd /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
   

2. 删除默认的软连接default

   sudo rm default 
   

3. 切换到目录/etc/nginx/sites-available/

   cd /etc/nginx/sites-available/
   

4. 复制一个配置文件

   sudo cp default new_config
   

5. 编辑配置文件
   编辑一个配置文件，使访问本机80端口的时候访问本机的8080端口。

   server {
           listen 80 default_server;
           listen [::]:80 default_server;
           root /var/www/html;
           server_name _;
   	 	location / {
                   proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080; # 代理到8080端口
                   proxy_set_header Host $http_host; #后台可以获取到完整的ip+端口号
                   proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; #后台可以获取到用户访问的真实ip地址
           }
   }
   

建立软连接

ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/new_config /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/new_config

验证配置文件语法

执行：

sudo nginx -t

返回:

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

热重载配置文件

sudo nginx -s reload

执行后配置文件立即生效。