6.性能测试工具Locust介绍和安装

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-03 14:41:02 发布

Mars_Loo

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-03 14:41:02 发布

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分类专栏： Locust 文章标签： python 性能测试并发测试测试工具 Locust

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最近的测试任务中需要测试系统的并发处理能力，尝试了多进程、多线程、协程等多种方法，虽然最终也能把问题搞定，但是使用起来总觉得不方便。在网上查了一下了解到Locust这个负载测试工具，学习使用以后感觉不错，下面来介绍一下。

Locust是一个基于Python(Python 2.6+,不支持Python 3)的支持分布式的压力测试工具，能够测试系统的并发处理能力，可以用来测试Web服务或者其他业务。在测试过程中，会产生大量的用户（Locusts蝗群）对系统进行攻击，每个用户（Locust蝗虫）的行为是通过Python代码控制的，并且整个测试过程有一个Web的UI界面可以实时观察测试数据。

Locust的内部采用了协程gevent,虽然受到每个机器(Locust node)硬件的限制(比如文件描述符的数量)可能模拟的用户数是受限的,但是通过采用分布式的方式,理论上Locust工具能够模拟无数的用户.

安装Locust的命令:

$ pip install locustio

然后通过$locust -h如果看到帮助信息,证明安装成功:

mars@mars-Ideapad-V460:~$ locust -h

Usage: locust [options] [LocustClass [LocustClass2 ... ]]

Options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -H HOST, --host=HOST  Host to load test in the following format:
                        http://10.21.32.33
  --web-host=WEB_HOST   Host to bind the web interface to. Defaults to '' (all
                        interfaces)
  -P PORT, --port=PORT, --web-port=PORT
                        Port on which to run web host
  -f LOCUSTFILE, --locustfile=LOCUSTFILE
                        Python module file to import, e.g. '../other.py'.
                        Default: locustfile
  --master              Set locust to run in distributed mode with this
                        process as master
  --slave               Set locust to run in distributed mode with this
                        process as slave
  --master-host=MASTER_HOST
                        Host or IP address of locust master for distributed
                        load testing. Only used when running with --slave.
                        Defaults to 127.0.0.1.
  --master-port=MASTER_PORT
                        The port to connect to that is used by the locust
                        master for distributed load testing. Only used when
                        running with --slave. Defaults to 5557. Note that
                        slaves will also connect to the master node on this
                        port + 1.
  --master-bind-host=MASTER_BIND_HOST
                        Interfaces (hostname, ip) that locust master should
                        bind to. Only used when running with --master.
                        Defaults to * (all available interfaces).
  --master-bind-port=MASTER_BIND_PORT
                        Port that locust master should bind to. Only used when
                        running with --master. Defaults to 5557. Note that
                        Locust will also use this port + 1, so by default the
                        master node will bind to 5557 and 5558.
  --no-web              Disable the web interface, and instead start running
                        the test immediately. Requires -c and -r to be
                        specified.
  -c NUM_CLIENTS, --clients=NUM_CLIENTS
                        Number of concurrent clients. Only used together with
                        --no-web
  -r HATCH_RATE, --hatch-rate=HATCH_RATE
                        The rate per second in which clients are spawned. Only
                        used together with --no-web
  -n NUM_REQUESTS, --num-request=NUM_REQUESTS
                        Number of requests to perform. Only used together with
                        --no-web
  -L LOGLEVEL, --loglevel=LOGLEVEL
                        Choose between DEBUG/INFO/WARNING/ERROR/CRITICAL.
                        Default is INFO.
  --logfile=LOGFILE     Path to log file. If not set, log will go to
                        stdout/stderr
  --print-stats         Print stats in the console
  --only-summary        Only print the summary stats
  -l, --list            Show list of possible locust classes and exit
  --show-task-ratio     print table of the locust classes' task execution
                        ratio
  --show-task-ratio-json
                        print json data of the locust classes' task execution
                        ratio
  -V, --version         show program's version number and exit

如果需要分布式的Locust,需要安装pyzmq:

$ pip install pyzmq

安装的过程中可能会弹出很多warning等等,不用管他们,只要最后显示Successfully installed ...就行.安装完成后,在Python解释器中能够成功import表示安装成功:

mars@mars-Ideapad-V460:~$ python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Mar 22 2014, 22:59:38) 
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import zmq
>>>

注意：每一个HTTP连接都会占用一个文件描述符，所以如果模拟的用户数量超过了系统允许的最多文件描述符数量，Locust会报错。这种情况需要调整系统允许的最多文件描述符数量。