该博客详细记录了在 CentOS7 系统上手动安装 Nginx 1.20.1、MySQL 5.7.34 和 PHP 8.0.10 的过程，包括关闭防火墙和 SELinux、下载安装包、解压、配置环境变量、编译安装、设置服务启动脚本、配置 nginx 配置文件以支持 PHP 处理，并进行了服务的启动和测试，确保系统能够正常运行 LEMP 堆栈。
要求：用nginx1.20.1、php8.0.10
下载所需安装包
关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
下载并解压nginx、mysql、php安装包
[root@localhost src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-8.0.12.tar.xz
[root@localhost src]# ls
debug mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz php-8.0.12.tar.gz
kernels nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# tar xf nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost src]# tar xf php-8.0.12.tar.xz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ls
bin games lib libexec nginx-1.20.1 sbin src
etc include lib64 mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 php-8.0.12 share
安装nginx
// 创建系统用户nginx
[root@localhost local]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
useradd：用户“nginx”已存在
// 安装依赖包
[root@localhost local]# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel make gcc gcc-c++
[root@localhost local]# yum -y groups mark install 'Development Tools'
// 创建日志存放目录
[root@localhost local]# mkdir -p /var/log/nginx
[root@localhost local]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/log/nginx
// 编译安装
[root@localhost local]# cd nginx-1.20.1
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.1]# ./configure \
> --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
> --user=nginx \
> --group=nginx \
> --with-debug \
> --with-http_ssl_module \
> --with-http_realip_module \
> --with-http_image_filter_module \
> --with-http_gunzip_module \
> --with-http_gzip_static_module \
> --with-http_stub_status_module \
> --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
> --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.1]# make && make install
// 配置环境变量
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.1]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.1]# . /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
安装mysql
// 创建MySQL用户
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.1]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
// 下载依赖包
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.1]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel ncurses-compat-libs
// 创建软连接
[root@localhost local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
"mysql" -> "mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/"
[root@localhost local]# ll
总用量 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 36 10月 27 11:19 mysql -> mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 129 10月 27 11:15 mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 54 10月 27 11:19 nginx
drwxr-xr-x 9 1001 1001 186 10月 27 11:17 nginx-1.20.1
drwxrwxr-x 16 root root 4096 10月 19 18:34 php-8.0.12
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 10月 14 11:14 share
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 24 10月 21 10:53 src
// 修改目录/usr/local/mysql的属主属组
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost local]# ll -d /usr/local/mysql
lrwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 36 10月 27 11:19 /usr/local/mysql -> mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
// 添加环境变量
[root@localhost local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost local]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost local]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/nginx/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
// 创建数据存放目录
[root@localhost local]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
// 初始化数据存放目录
[root@localhost local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/
2021-10-27T03:20:34.201677Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-10-27T03:20:34.314736Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-10-27T03:20:34.334281Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-10-27T03:20:34.390630Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: d909c7a2-36d4-11ec-98c9-000c2962c3c2.
2021-10-27T03:20:34.391345Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-10-27T03:20:34.911166Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-10-27T03:20:35.077012Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: syewyDsAF4>q <记住此密码>
// 配置mysql
[root@localhost local]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/local/include/mysql
"/usr/local/include/mysql" -> "/usr/local/mysql/include/"
[root@localhost local]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@localhost local]# ldconfig
// 生成配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
// 配置服务启动脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri 's#^(basedir=).*#\1/usr/local/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri 's#^(datadir=).*#\1/opt/data#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
// 配置service文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=mysqld server daemon
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
ExecStop=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
// 重新加载
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
// 启动
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
SUCCESS!
// 登录并更改密码
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: ## 这里的密码是刚刚初始化数据库随机生成的那个密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.34
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password = password('mkf');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
安装php
// 下载依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install sqlite-devel libzip-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel
[root@localhost]# cd /usr/local/php-8.0.12/
[root@localhost php-8.0.12]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php8 \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--enable-fpm \
--disable-debug \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-shared \
--enable-soap \
--with-openssl \
--enable-bcmath \
--with-iconv \
--with-bz2 \
--enable-calendar \
--with-curl \
--enable-exif \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-gd \
--with-jpeg \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-freetype \
--with-gettext \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-pdo \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-readline \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-simplexml \
--enable-sockets \
--with-zip \
--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
--with-pear \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-posix
| License: |
| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this |
| distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation |
| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement. |
| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
| the installation process at this point. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
Thank you for using PHP.
[root@localhost php-8.0.12]# make && make install
// 配置环境变量
[root@localhost php-8.0.12]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php8/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php.sh
[root@localhost php-8.0.12]# source /etc/profile.d/php.sh
[root@localhost php-8.0.12]# which php
/usr/local/php8/bin/php
[root@localhost php-8.0.12]# php -v
PHP 8.0.12 (cli) (built: Oct 27 2021 12:10:10) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.0.12, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
// 配置php-fpm
[root@localhost php-8.0.12]# cp -f /usr/local/php-8.0.12/php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
[root@localhost php-8.0.12]# cp /usr/local/php-8.0.12/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm -f
[root@localhost php-8.0.12]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-8.0.12]# cp -f /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost php-8.0.12]# cp -f /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
// 配置service文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service
[Unit]
Description=Php-fpm server daemon
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=service php-fpm start
ExecStop=service php-fpm stop
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
// 重新加载
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost ~]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm done
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 5 127.0.0.1:25151 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:873 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:631 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 :::873 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:631 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::443 :::*
## nginx配置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
43 location / {
44 root html;
45 index index.php index.html index.htm; ##添加index.php
65 location ~ \.php$ {
66 root html;
67 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
68 fastcgi_index index.php;
69 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
70 include fastcgi_params;
71 }
72
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@localhost html]# vim index.php
[root@localhost html]# cat index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
php配置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
22 ; will be used.
23 user = nginx ##改为nginx用户
24 group = nginx ##改为nginx组
重启所有服务
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s stop
[root@localhost ~]# nginx
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@localhost ~]# service php-fpm restart
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
Starting php-fpm done
访问测试
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