说明:
用于自动化部署应用到docker,并进行应用扩展和管理。能整合多个运行的docker容器的主机集群。
Kubernetes安装/使用:
一、Master节点,安装/启动etcd服务(Master节点放在独立的centos7虚拟机):
1.下载etcd安装包上传到centos7:
(1)下载etcd-v3.4.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz:
https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases
(2)创建并cd到/usr/local/k8s目录。
(3)使用FinalShell工具上传安装包到/usr/local/k8s目录下,如图:
2.安装etcd服务:
(1)解压安装包(cd到/usr/local/k8s目录):
[root@localhost k8s]# tar -zxvf etcd-v3.4.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz
(2)将etcd和etcdctl两个目录拷贝到/usr/bin目录中(cd到/usr/local/k8s/etcd-v3.4.10-linux-amd64目录):
[root@localhost etcd-v3.4.10-linux-amd64]# cp etcd etcdctl /usr/bin/
(3)配置systemd服务之etcd.service:
[root@localhost etcd-v3.4.10-linux-amd64]# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
修改如下内容(手动创建/var/lib/etcd目录,否则会导致启动etcd服务失败):
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/etcd/etcd.conf
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
ExecStart=/usr/bin/etcd
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
3.启动etcd服务:
(1)重新加载并Created symlink:
[root@localhost etcd-v3.4.10-linux-amd64]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost etcd-v3.4.10-linux-amd64]# systemctl enable etcd.service
(2)启动服务:
[root@localhost etcd-v3.4.10-linux-amd64]# systemctl start etcd.service
(3)查看服务的一些状态:
#是否启动
[root@localhost etcd-v3.4.10-linux-amd64]# systemctl status etcd
#健康状况
[root@localhost etcd-v3.4.10-linux-amd64]# etcdctl endpoint health
二、Master节点,安装/启动kubernetes服务(Master节点放在独立的centos7虚拟机):
1.下载kubernetes-server安装包上传到centos7:
(1)下载kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz安装包:
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/releases
(2)创建并cd到/usr/local/k8s目录。
(3)使用FinalShell工具上传安装包到/usr/local/k8s目录下,如图:
2.安装kubernetes-server:
(1)解压安装包(cd到/usr/local/k8s目录):
[root@localhost k8s]# tar -zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
(2)将kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler三个目录和kubectl文件拷贝到/usr/bin目录中(cd到/user/local/k8s/kubernetes/server/bin目录):
[root@localhost bin]# cp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl /usr/bin/
3.配置kube-apiserver服务:
[root@localhost bin]# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
修改如下内容(手动创建/etc/kubernetes目录):
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=etcd.service
Wants=etcd.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/apiserver
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_API_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
Type=notify
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
4.配置apiserver服务(手动创建/var/log/kubernetes目录):
[root@localhost kubernetes]# vi /etc/kubernetes/apiserver
修改如下内容:
KUBE_API_ARGS="--storage-backend=etcd3 --etcd-servers=http://127.0.0.1:2379 --insecure-bind-address=0.0.0.0 --insecure-port=8080 --service-cluster-ip-range=169.169.0.0/16 --service-node-port-range=1-65535 --admission-control-NamespaceLifecycle,NamespaceExists,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota --logtostderr=true --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes --v=2"
5.配置kube-controller-manager服务(此服务依赖于kube-apiserver服务):
(1)修改kube-controller-manager.service:
[root@localhost kubernetes]# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
修改如下内容:
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=kube-apiserver.service
Requires=kube-apiserver.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
(2)修改controller-manager:
[root@localhost kubernetes]# vi /etc/kubernetes/controller-manager
修改如下内容(192.168.233.129为本虚拟机IP):
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS="--master=http://192.168.233.129:8080 --logtostderr=true --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes --v2"
6.配置kube-scheduler服务(此服务依赖于kube-apiserver服务):
(1)修改kube-scheduler.service:
[root@localhost kubernetes]# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
修改内容如下:
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=kube-apiserver.service
Requires=kube-apiserver.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/scheduler
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
(2)修改scheduler:
[root@localhost kubernetes]# vi /etc/kubernetes/scheduler
修改内容如下(192.168.233.129为本虚拟机IP):
KUBE_SCHEDULER_ARGS="--master=192.168.233.129:8080 --logtostderr=true --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes --v=2"
7.依次启动服务:
[root@localhost kubernetes]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost kubernetes]# systemctl enable kube-apiserver.service
[root@localhost kubernetes]# systemctl start kube-apiserver.service
[root@localhost kubernetes]# systemctl enable kube-controller-manager.service
[root@localhost kubernetes]# systemctl start kube-controller-manager.service
[root@localhost kubernetes]# systemctl enable kube-scheduler.service
[root@localhost kubernetes]# systemctl start kube-scheduler.service
三、Node节点安装(可以安装多个Node节点,每个Node放在独立的centos7虚拟机)):
1.配置kubelet服务:
(1)将kubelet、kube-proxy拷贝到/usr/bin目录中(cd到/usr/local/k8s/kubernetes/server/bin目录):
[root@localhost bin]# cp kubelet kube-proxy /usr/bin/
(2)修改kubelet.service:
[root@localhost bin]# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
修改内容如下:
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubelet
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/config
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kubelet
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet \
$KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR \
$KUBE_LOG_LEVEL \
$KUBELET_API_SERVER \
$KUBELET_ADDRESS \
$KUBELET_PORT \
$KUBELET_HOSTNAME \
$KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV \
$KUBELET_POD_INFRA_CONTAINER \
$KUBELET_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
KillMode=process
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
(3)修改kubelet(配置Node节点的IP):
[root@localhost bin]# vi /etc/kubernetes/kubelet
修改内容如下:
KUBELET_ARGS="--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubeconfig --hostname-override=192.168.233.129 --logtostderr=false --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes --v=2 --fail-swap-on=false"
(4)连接Master Apiserver的配置:
vi /etc/kubernetes/kubeconfig
内容如下:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Config
clusters:
- cluster:
server: http://192.168.233.129:8080
name: local
contexts:
- context:
cluster: local
name: mycontext
current-context: mycontext
2.配置kube-proxy服务:
(1)修改kube-proxy.service:
[root@localhost kubernetes]# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
修改内容如下:
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
After=network.target
Requires=network.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/config
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/proxy
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kube-proxy \
$KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR \
$KUBE_LOG_LEVEL \
$KUBE_MASTER \
$KUBE_PROXY_ARGS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
KillMode=process
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
(2)修改proxy:
[root@localhost kubernetes]# vi /etc/kubernetes/proxy
修改内容如下:
KUBE_PROXY_ARGS="--master=http://192.168.233.128:8080 --hostname-override=192.168.233.130 --logtostderr=true --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes --v=2"
3.启动服务:
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl start kube-proxy
四、健康检查:
1.将kubectl命令拷贝到/usr/bin目录下(cd到/usr/local/k8s/kubernetes/server/bin目录):
cp kubectl /usr/bin/
2.查看集群状态:
kubectl get nodes
不显示解决方案:
vi /etc/kubernetes/apiserver
#去掉ServiceAccount,systemctl restart kube-apiserver重启服务
KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL=“-admission_control=…ServiceAccount”
3.查看master集群组件状态:
kubectl get cs
4.在/usr/local/k8s目录下创建nginx-rc.yaml:
(1)创建文件:
vi nginx-rc.yaml
内容修改如下:
apiversion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
name: nginx
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
app: nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
Image: nginx
ports:
- containerPort: 80
(2)执行命令:
kubectl create -f nginx-rc.yaml
5.在/usr/local/k8s目录下创建nginx-svc.yaml:
(1)创建文件:
vi nginx-svc.yaml
内容修改如下:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nginx
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 80
nodePort: 3333
selector:
app: nginx
(2)执行命令:
kubectl create -f nginx-svc.yaml
6.pull失败解决方案:
docker pull kubernetes/pause
docker tag docker.io/kubernetes/pause:latest 192.168.133.128:5000/google_containers/pause-amd64.3.0
docker push 192.168.133.128:5000/google_containers/pause-amd64.3.0
vi /etc/kubernetes/kubelet
内容追加(从此IP上拉取镜像):
KUBELET_ARGS=“—pod_infra_container_image=192.168.1233.128:5000/google_containers/pause-amd64.3.0”
重启kubelete服务:
systemctl restart kubelet
五、常用命令:
1.获取当前命名空间下的容器:
kubectl get pods
2.获取所有容器列表:
kubectl get all
3.创建容器
kubectl create -f kubernate-pvc.yaml
4.删除容器:
kubectl delete pods/test-pd
kubectl delete -f rc-nginx.yaml
5.查看指定pod跑在哪个node上:
kubectl get pod /test-pd -o wide
6.查看容器日志:
kubectl logs nginx-8586cf59-mwwtc
7.进入容器终端命令:
kubectl exec -it nginx-8586cf59-mwwtc /bin/bash
8.Pod名为mypod,有多个容器,用—container进入此容器命令行:
kubectl exec -t mypod —container mydocker —bin/bash
9.查看容器状态:
kubectl get svc