说明:
Ribbon是负载均衡组件,已经集成在Eureka,与其他组件搭配使用,如Feign。
1.在工程的pom.xml中导入ribbon依赖包:
<!-- 导入ribbon依赖包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 导入lombok工具依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.16.16</version>
</dependency>
2.配置负载均衡规则(配置在调用微服务的工程中,如Feign工程):
七种规则:
RoundRobinRule:默认,轮询规则,轮询从列表选节点
RandomRule:随机从列表选节点
RetryRule:重试规则
WeightedResponseTimeRule:启动时用轮询规则选节点,积累到足够样本后切换到按权重选节点,选响应最快的节点
BestAvailableRule:统计之前用轮询规则选节点,(故障节点除外)统计后,基于过去30分钟的统计结果选取并发量最小的节点
AvailabilityFilteringRule:过滤熔断状态、连接数超过阈值的节点,从剩余节点中选取
ZoneAvoidanceRule:过滤熔断状态、连接数超过阈值的节点,类似AvailabilityFilteringRule
(1)application.yml方式-配置负载均衡规则:
server: #配置此Web微服务端口号
port: 10000
spring:
application:
name: mall-ribbon
#ribbon: #ribbon作为根节点时为全局配置,对所有微服务生效
mall-usercenter: #配置mall-usercenter的负载均衡规则,此名称跟调用的服务名称一样
ribbon:
NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule #配置负载均衡规则,此处为随机,可用自定义IRule
#其他一些配置
#eager-load.enabled: true #开启Ribbon饥饿加载模式
#eager-load.clients: mall-usercenter #需要饥饿加载的服务名称
#OkToRetryOnAllOperations: true #true在所有HTTP方法中进行重试,默认为false(只对不改数据的GET等方法重试),生产环境慎开
#ConnectTimeout: 300 #连接超时时间,此处为300毫秒
#ReadTimeout: 2000 #业务处理超时时间,此处为2000毫秒
#MaxAutoRetries: 2 #每台机器最大重试次数
#MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 2 #可以再重试N台机器
(2)注解方式-配置负载均衡规则(注解方式优先级高于application.yml):
方式1:
//方式1:配置全局负载均衡规则
@Configuration
public class RibbonConfig {
@Bean
public IRule defaultLBStrategy() {
return new RandomRule(); //此处为随机规则,可用自定义IRule
}
}
方式2:
//方式2:配置mall-usercenter微服务的负载均衡规则,此处为随机规则
@RibbonClient(name = "mall-usercenter", configuration = com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule.class) //可用自定义IRule
@Configuration
public class RibbonConfig {
}
(3)自定义IRule(基于一致性哈希负载均衡规则):
//自定义IRule,基于一致性哈希的负载均衡规则
@NoArgsConstructor //使用lombok生成一个没有构造器的构造方法
public class CurRule extends AbstractLoadBalancerRule implements IRule {
@Override
public void initWithNiwsConfig(IClientConfig iClientConfig) {
}
@Override
public Server choose(Object o) {
HttpServletRequest req = ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes()).getRequest();
return rule((req.getServletPath() + "?" + req.getQueryString()).hashCode(), getLoadBalancer().getAllServers());
}
public Server rule(int urlHashCode, List<Server> servers) {
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(servers)) return null;
TreeMap<Long, Server> serverAddress = new TreeMap<>();
for (Server item : servers) {
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
long hashCode = getHashCode(item.getId() + 1);
serverAddress.put(hashCode, item);
}
}
long hashCode = getHashCode(String.valueOf(urlHashCode));
SortedMap<Long, Server> lastServer = serverAddress.tailMap(hashCode);
if (lastServer.isEmpty()) {
serverAddress.firstEntry().getValue();
}
return lastServer.get(lastServer.firstKey());
}
public long getHashCode(String str) {//自定义hashcode,源码改编自网上
long hashCode = 0;
try {
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
byte[] strByte = str.getBytes("UTF-8");
md.update(strByte);
byte[] dByte = md.digest();
hashCode = ((long) (dByte[2] & 0xFF << 16)) | ((long) (dByte[1] & 0xFF << 8)) | ((long) (dByte[0] & 0xFF));
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return hashCode & 0xffffffffl;
}
}
3.在Application中创建RestTemplate的方法前加上@LoadBalanced注解:
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class RibbonApplication {
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){//调用微服务的工具类,等同Feign
return new RestTemplate();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(RibbonApplication.class, args);
}
}
4.调用其他微服务时,无需查直接用服务名称访问(也可使用Feign):
@Controller
public class UserController {
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate; //调用微服务的工具类,等同Feign
@RequestMapping("getUserList/")
@ResponseBody
public User getUserInfo(String id) {//id为接口编号
//直接使用服务名称调用其他微服务,mall-usercenter为其他微服务名称
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://mall-usercenter/"+id, User.class);
//return restTemplate.postForObject(微服务接口url, new UserParam(userNo), User.class); //POST方式调用微服务
}
}