Android bitmap保姆级教学

1. 认识Bitmap

Bitmap是一个final类,因此不能被继承。Bitmap只有一个构造方法,且该构造方法是没有任何访问权限修饰符修饰,也就是说该构造方法是friendly,但是谷歌称Bitmap的构造方法是private(私有的),感觉有点不严谨。不管怎样,一般情况下,我们不能通过构造方法直接新建一个Bitmap对象。
Bitmap是Android系统中的图像处理中最重要类之一。Bitmap可以获取图像文件信息,对图像进行剪切、旋转、缩放,压缩等操作,并可以以指定格式保存图像文件。

2. 创建Bitmap对象

既然不能直接通过构造方法创建Bitmap,那怎样才能创建Bitmap对象。通常我们可以利用Bitmap的静态方法createBitmap()和BitmapFactory的decode系列静态方法创建Bitmap对象。

  • Bitmap的静态方法createBitmap()
    createBitmap

  • BitmapFactory的decode系列静态方法
    bitmapFactory

2.1. 流——BitmapFactory.decodeStream()

(1) 文件流

FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("/sdcard/test.png"); 
Bitmap bitmap=BitmapFactory.decodeStream(fis);

(2) 以ResourceStream的方式代替R文件

Bitmap bitmap=BitmapFactory.decodeStream(
    getClass().getResourceAsStream(/res/drawable/test.png”));

(3) 以文件流+ R文件 的方式

InputStream in = getResources().openRawResource(R.drawable. test );
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(in);

(4) 图片放在src目录下

String path = "com/xiangmu/test.png"; //图片存放的路径
InputStream in = getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(path); //得到图片流
Bitmap imageBitmap3 = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(in);

(5) 图片放在 Assets目录

InputStream in = getResources().getAssets().open(fileName);
Bitmap imageBitmap4 = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(in);

2.2. 文件路径——BitmapFactory.decodeFile()

Bitmap imageBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(path);// (path 是图片的路径,跟目录是/sdcard)

支持的文件格式:

2.3. 资源ID——BitmapFactory.decodeResource()

(1) 以R文件的方式

// 假设 res/drawable下有 test.jpg文件
Bitmap bitmap =BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.test);

(2) 获取制定packageName的资源文件

ApplicationInfo appInfo = getApplicationInfo();
//得到该图片的id(name 是该图片的名字,"drawable" 是该图片存放的目录,appInfo.packageName是应用程序的包)
int resID = getResources().getIdentifier(fileName, "drawable", appInfo.packageName);
Bitmap imageBitmap2 = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), resID);

2.4. 字节数组——BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray()

(1) bmp格式的数组

byte[] bmpBytes = readFileToByteArray(bmpPath);// bmp文件格式
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(bmpBytes, 0, bmpBytes.length);

(2) yuv-nv21/jpg格式的数组

//data可以是jpg格式的数组
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length);
//yuv格式的byte[]转换成bitmap
public static Bitmap nv21ToBitmap(byte[] nv21, int width, int height) {
      
    Bitmap bitmap = null;
    try {
   
        YuvImage image = new YuvImage(nv21, ImageFormat.NV21, width, height, null);
        ByteArrayOutputStream stream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        image.compressToJpeg(new Rect(0, 0, width, height), 80,<
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android Bitmap用法总结 Bitmap用法总结 1、Drawable → Bitmap public static Bitmap drawableToBitmap(Drawable drawable) { Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap .createBitmap( drawable.getIntrinsicWidth(), drawable.getIntrinsicHeight(), drawable.getOpacity() != PixelFormat.OPAQUE ? Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888 : Bitmap.Config.RGB_565); Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap); // canvas.setBitmap(bitmap); drawable.setBounds(0, 0, drawable.getIntrinsicWidth(), drawable.getIntrinsicHeight()); drawable.draw(canvas); return bitmap; } 2、从资源中获取Bitmap Resources res=getResources(); Bitmap bmp=BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, R.drawable.pic); 3、Bitmap → byte[] private byte[] Bitmap2Bytes(Bitmap bm){ ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); bm.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, baos); return baos.toByteArray(); } 4、byte[] → Bitmap private Bitmap Bytes2Bimap(byte[] b){ if(b.length!=0){ return BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(b, 0, b.length); } else { return null; } } 5、保存bitmap static boolean saveBitmap2file(Bitmap bmp,String filename){ CompressFormat format= Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG; int quality = 100; OutputStream stream = null; try { stream = new FileOutputStream("/sdcard/" + filename); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only. e.printStackTrace(); } return bmp.compress(format, quality, stream); } 6、将图片按自己的要求缩放 // 图片源 Bitmap bm = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getResources() .openRawResource(R.drawable.dog)); // 获得图片的宽高 int width = bm.getWidth(); int height = bm.getHeight(); // 设置想要的大小 int newWidth = 320; int newHeight = 480; // 计算缩放比例 float scaleWidth = ((float) newWidth) / width; float scaleHeight = ((float) newHeight) / height; // 取得想要缩放的matrix参数 Matrix matrix = new Matrix(); matrix.postScale(scaleWidth, scaleHeight); // 得到新的图片 Bitmap newbm = Bitmap.createBitmap(bm, 0, 0, width, height, matrix, true); // 放在画布上 canvas.drawBitmap(newbm, 0, 0, paint); 相关知识链接:http://www.eoeandroid.com/thread-3162-1-1.html 7、bitmap的用法小结 BitmapFactory.Options option = new BitmapFactory.Options(); option.inSampleSize = 2; //将图片设为原来宽高的1/2,防止内存溢出 Bitmap bm = BitmapFactory.decodeFile("",option);//文件流 URL url = new URL(""); InputStream is = url.openStream(); Bitmap bm = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is); android:scaleType: android:scaleType是控制图片如何resized/moved来匹对ImageView的size。ImageView.ScaleType / android:scaleType值的意义区别: CENTER /center 按图片的原来size居中显示,当图片长/宽超过View的长/宽,则截取图片的居中部分 显示 CENTER_CROP / centerCrop 按比例扩大图片的size居中显示,使得图片长(宽)等于或大于View的长 (宽) CENTER_INSIDE / centerInside 将图片的内容完整居中显示,通过按比例缩小或原来的size使得图片 长/宽等于或小于View的长/宽 Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only. FIT_CENTER / fitCenter 把图片按比例扩大/缩小到View的宽度,居中显示 FIT_END / fitEnd 把图片按比例扩大/缩小到View的宽度,显示在View的下部分位置 FIT_START / fitStart 把图片按比例扩大/缩小到View的宽度,显示在View的上部分位置 FIT_XY / fitXY 把图片 不按比例 扩大/缩小到View的大小显示 MATRIX / matrix 用矩阵来绘制,动态缩小放大图片来显示。 //放大缩小图片 public static Bitmap zoomBitmap(Bitmap bitmap,int w,int h){ int width = bitmap.getWidth(); int height = bitmap.getHeight(); Matrix matrix = new Matrix(); float scaleWidht = ((float)w / width); float scaleHeight = ((float)h / height); matrix.postScale(scaleWidht, scaleHeight); Bitmap newbmp = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, width, height, matrix, true); return newbmp; } //将Drawable转化为Bitmap public static Bitmap drawableToBitmap(Drawable drawable){ int width = drawable.getIntrinsicWidth(); int height = drawable.getIntrinsicHeight(); Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(width, height, drawable.getOpacity() != PixelFormat.OPAQUE ? Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888 : Bitmap.Config.RGB_565); Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap); drawable.setBounds(0,0,width,height); drawable.draw(canvas); return bitmap; Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only. } //获得圆角图片的方法 public static Bitmap getRoundedCornerBitmap(Bitmap bitmap,float roundPx){ Bitmap output = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap.getWidth(), bitmap .getHeight(), Config.ARGB_8888); Canvas canvas = new Canvas(output); final int color = 0xff424242; final Paint paint = new Paint(); final Rect rect = new Rect(0, 0, bitmap.getWidth(), bitmap.getHeight()); final RectF rectF = new RectF(rect); paint.setAntiAlias(true); canvas.drawARGB(0, 0, 0, 0); paint.setColor(color); canvas.drawRoundRect(rectF, roundPx, roundPx, paint); paint.setXfermode(new PorterDuffXfermode(Mode.SRC_IN)); canvas.drawBitmap(bitmap, rect, rect, paint); return output; } //获得带倒影的图片方法 public static Bitmap createReflectionImageWithOrigin(Bitmap bitmap){ final int reflectionGap = 4; int width = bitmap.getWidth(); int height = bitmap.getHeight(); Matrix matrix = new Matrix(); matrix.preScale(1, -1); Bitmap reflectionImage = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap, 0, height/2, width, height/2, matrix, false); Bitmap bitmapWithReflection = Bitmap.createBitmap(width, (height + height/2), Config.ARGB_8888); Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmapWithReflection); canvas.drawBitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, null); Paint deafalutPaint = new Paint(); Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only. canvas.drawRect(0, height,width,height + reflectionGap, deafalutPaint); canvas.drawBitmap(reflectionImage, 0, height + reflectionGap, null); Paint paint = new Paint(); LinearGradient shader = new LinearGradient(0, bitmap.getHeight(), 0, bitmapWithReflection.getHeight() + reflectionGap, 0x70ffffff, 0x00ffffff, TileMode.CLAMP); paint.setShader(shader); // Set the Transfer mode to be porter duff and destination in paint.setXfermode(new PorterDuffXfermode(Mode.DST_IN)); // Draw a rectangle using the paint with our linear gradient canvas.drawRect(0, height, width, bitmapWithReflection.getHeight() + reflectionGap, paint); return bitmapWithReflection; } }

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