上一篇介绍了platform总线,现在基于platform分析plat_led驱动代码。
/*********************************************************************************
* Copyright: (C) 2017 Huang Weiming<710564672@qq.com>
* All rights reserved.
*
* Filename: plat_led.c
* Description: This is the common LED driver runs on S3C24XX.
*
* Version: 1.0.0(10/27/2011~)
* Author: Huang Weiming <710564672@qq.com>
* ChangeLog: 1, Release initial version on "06/05/2017 04:09:58 PM"
*
********************************************************************************/
#include "s3c_driver.h"
#define DRV_AUTHOR "Huang Weiming<710564672@qq.com>"
#define DRV_DESC "S3C24XX LED driver"
/* Driver version*/
#define DRV_MAJOR_VER 1
#define DRV_MINOR_VER 0
#define DRV_REVER_VER 0
#define DEV_NAME DEV_LED_NAME
//#define DEV_MAJOR DEV_LED_MAJOR
#ifndef DEV_MAJOR
#define DEV_MAJOR 0 /* dynamic major by default */
#endif
#define TIMER_TIMEOUT 40
static int debug = DISABLE;
static int dev_major = DEV_MAJOR;
static int dev_minor = 0;
/* ============================ Platform Device part ===============================*/
/* LED hardware informtation structure*/
struct s3c_led_info
{
unsigned char num; /* The LED number */
unsigned int gpio; /* Which GPIO the LED used */
unsigned char active_level; /* The GPIO pin level(HIGHLEVEL or LOWLEVEL) to turn on or off */
unsigned char status; /* Current LED status: OFF/ON */
unsigned char blink; /* Blink or not */
};
/* The LED platform device private data structure */
struct s3c_led_platform_data
{
struct s3c_led_info *leds;
int nleds;
};
/* LED hardware informtation data*/
static struct s3c_led_info s3c_leds[] = {
[0] = {
.num = 1,
.gpio = S3C2410_GPB(5),
.active_level = LOWLEVEL,
.status = OFF,
.blink = ENABLE,
},
[1] = {
.num = 2,
.gpio = S3C2410_GPB(6),
.active_level = LOWLEVEL,
.status = OFF,
.blink = DISABLE,
},
[2] = {
.num = 3,
.gpio = S3C2410_GPB(8),
.active_level = LOWLEVEL,
.status = OFF,
.blink = DISABLE,
},
[3] = {
.num = 4,
.gpio = S3C2410_GPB(10),
.active_level = LOWLEVEL,
.status = OFF,
.blink = DISABLE,
},
};
/* The LED platform device private data */
static struct s3c_led_platform_data s3c_led_data = {
.leds = s3c_leds,
.nleds = ARRAY_SIZE(s3c_leds),
};
struct led_device
{
struct s3c_led_platform_data *data;
struct cdev cdev;
struct class *dev_class;
struct timer_list blink_timer;
} led_device;
static void platform_led_release(struct device * dev)
{
int i;
struct s3c_led_platform_data *pdata = dev->platform_data;
dbg_print("%s():%d\n", __FUNCTION__,__LINE__);
/* Turn all LED off */
for(i=0; i
nleds; i++)
{
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(pdata->leds[i].gpio, ~pdata->leds[i].active_level);
}
}
static struct platform_device s3c_led_device = {
.name = "s3c_led",
.id = 1,
.dev =
{
.platform_data = &s3c_led_data,
.release = platform_led_release,
},
};
/* ===================== led device driver part ===========================*/
void led_timer_handler(unsigned long data)
{
int i;
struct s3c_led_platform_data *pdata = (struct s3c_led_platform_data *)data;
for(i=0; i
nleds; i++)
{
if(ON == pdata->leds[i].status)
{
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(pdata->leds[i].gpio, pdata->leds[i].active_level);
}
else
{
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(pdata->leds[i].gpio, ~pdata->leds[i].active_level);
}
if(ENABLE == pdata->leds[i].blink ) /* LED should blink */
{
/* Switch status between 0 and 1 to turn LED ON or off */
pdata->leds[i].status = pdata->leds[i].status ^ 0x01;
}
mod_timer(&(led_device.blink_timer), jiffies + TIMER_TIMEOUT);
}
}
static int led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
struct led_device *pdev ;
struct s3c_led_platform_data *pdata;
pdev = container_of(inode->i_cdev,struct led_device, cdev);
pdata = pdev->data;
file->private_data = pdata;
return 0;
}
static int led_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
return 0;
}
static void print_led_help(void)
{
printk("Follow is the ioctl() command for LED driver:\n");
printk("Enable Driver debug command: %u\n", SET_DRV_DEBUG);
printk("Get Driver verion command : %u\n", GET_DRV_VER);
printk("Turn LED on command : %u\n", LED_ON);
printk("Turn LED off command : %u\n", LED_OFF);
printk("Turn LED blink command : %u\n", LED_BLINK);
}
/* compatible with kernel version >=2.6.38*/
static long led_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
struct s3c_led_platform_data *pdata = file->private_data;
switch (cmd)
{
case SET_DRV_DEBUG:
dbg_print("%s driver debug now.\n", DISABLE == arg ? "Disable" : "Enable");
debug = (0==arg) ? DISABLE : ENABLE;
break;
case GET_DRV_VER:
print_version(DRV_VERSION);
return DRV_VERSION;
case LED_OFF:
if(pdata->nleds <= arg)
{
printk("LED%ld doesn't exist\n", arg);
return -ENOTTY;
}
pdata->leds[arg].status = OFF;
pdata->leds[arg].blink = DISABLE;
break;
case LED_ON:
if(pdata->nleds <= arg)
{
printk("LED%ld doesn't exist\n", arg);
return -ENOTTY;
}
pdata->leds[arg].status = ON;
pdata->leds[arg].blink = DISABLE;
break;
case LED_BLINK:
if(pdata->nleds <= arg)
{
printk("LED%ld doesn't exist\n", arg);
return -ENOTTY;
}
pdata->leds[arg].blink = ENABLE;
pdata->leds[arg].status = ON;
break;
default:
dbg_print("%s driver don't support ioctl command=%d\n", DEV_NAME, cmd);
print_led_help();
return -EINVAL;
}
return 0;
}
static struct file_operations led_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = led_open,
.release = led_release,
.unlocked_ioctl = led_ioctl, /* compatible with kernel version >=2.6.38*/
};
static int s3c_led_probe(struct platform_device *dev)
{
struct s3c_led_platform_data *pdata = dev->dev.platform_data;
int result = 0;
int i;
dev_t devno;
/* Initialize the LED status */
for(i=0; i
nleds; i++)
{
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(pdata->leds[i].gpio, S3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT);
if(ON == pdata->leds[i].status)
{
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(pdata->leds[i].gpio, pdata->leds[i].active_level);
}
else
{
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(pdata->leds[i].gpio, ~pdata->leds[i].active_level);
}
}
/* Alloc the device for driver */
if (0 != dev_major)
{
devno = MKDEV(dev_major, dev_minor);
result = register_chrdev_region(devno, 1, DEV_NAME);
}
else
{
result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, dev_minor, 1, DEV_NAME);
dev_major = MAJOR(devno);
}
/* Alloc for device major failure */
if (result < 0)
{
printk("%s driver can't get major %d\n", DEV_NAME, dev_major);
return result;
}
/* Initialize button structure and register cdev*/
memset(&led_device, 0, sizeof(led_device));
led_device.data = dev->dev.platform_data;
cdev_init (&(led_device.cdev), &led_fops);
led_device.cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
result = cdev_add (&(led_device.cdev), devno , 1);
if (result)
{
printk (KERN_NOTICE "error %d add %s device", result, DEV_NAME);
goto ERROR;
}
led_device.dev_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, DEV_NAME);
if(IS_ERR(led_device.dev_class))
{
printk("%s driver create class failture\n",DEV_NAME);
result = -ENOMEM;
goto ERROR;
}
#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE >= KERNEL_VERSION(2,6,24)
device_create(led_device.dev_class, NULL, devno, NULL, DEV_NAME);
#else
device_create (led_device.dev_class, NULL, devno, DEV_NAME);
#endif
/* Initial the LED blink timer */
init_timer(&(led_device.blink_timer));
led_device.blink_timer.function = led_timer_handler;
led_device.blink_timer.data = (unsigned long)pdata;
led_device.blink_timer.expires = jiffies + TIMER_TIMEOUT;
add_timer(&(led_device.blink_timer));
printk("S3C %s driver version %d.%d.%d initiliazed.\n", DEV_NAME, DRV_MAJOR_VER, DRV_MINOR_VER, DRV_REVER_VER);
return 0;
ERROR:
printk("S3C %s driver version %d.%d.%d install failure.\n", DEV_NAME, DRV_MAJOR_VER, DRV_MINOR_VER, DRV_REVER_VER);
cdev_del(&(led_device.cdev));
unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);
return result;
}
static int s3c_led_remove(struct platform_device *dev)
{
dev_t devno = MKDEV(dev_major, dev_minor);
del_timer(&(led_device.blink_timer));
cdev_del(&(led_device.cdev));
device_destroy(led_device.dev_class, devno);
class_destroy(led_device.dev_class);
unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);
printk("S3C %s driver removed\n", DEV_NAME);
return 0;
}
static struct platform_driver s3c_led_driver = {
.probe = s3c_led_probe,
.remove = s3c_led_remove,
.driver = {
.name = "s3c_led",
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
},
};
static int __init s3c_led_init(void)
{
int ret = 0;
ret = platform_device_register(&s3c_led_device);
if(ret)
{
printk(KERN_ERR "%s:%d: Can't register platform device %d\n", __FUNCTION__,__LINE__, ret);
goto fail_reg_plat_dev;
}
dbg_print("Regist S3C LED Platform Device successfully.\n");
ret = platform_driver_register(&s3c_led_driver);
if(ret)
{
printk(KERN_ERR "%s:%d: Can't register platform driver %d\n", __FUNCTION__,__LINE__, ret);
goto fail_reg_plat_drv;
}
dbg_print("Regist S3C LED Platform Driver successfully.\n");
return 0;
fail_reg_plat_drv:
platform_driver_unregister(&s3c_led_driver);
fail_reg_plat_dev:
return ret;
}
static void s3c_led_exit(void)
{
dbg_print("%s():%d remove LED platform drvier\n", __FUNCTION__,__LINE__);
platform_driver_unregister(&s3c_led_driver);
dbg_print("%s():%d remove LED platform device\n", __FUNCTION__,__LINE__);
platform_device_unregister(&s3c_led_device);
}
module_init(s3c_led_init);
module_exit(s3c_led_exit);
module_param(debug, int, S_IRUGO);
module_param(dev_major, int, S_IRUGO);
module_param(dev_minor, int, S_IRUGO);
MODULE_AUTHOR(DRV_AUTHOR);
MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DRV_DESC);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_ALIAS("platform:S3C24XX_led");
1.static int __init s3c_led_init(void)
static int __init s3c_led_init(void)//LED初始化
{
int ret = 0;
/*设备注册:把指定设备添加到内核中平台总线的设备列表,等待匹配,匹配成功则回调驱动中probe函数;*/
ret = platform_device_register(&s3c_led_device);
if(ret)
{
printk(KERN_ERR "%s:%d: Can't register platform device %d\n", __FUNCTION__,__LINE__, ret);
goto fail_reg_plat_dev;
}
dbg_print("Regist S3C LED Platform Device successfully.\n");
/*驱动注册:把指定驱动添加到内核中平台总线的驱动列表,等待匹配,匹配成功则回调驱动中probe;*/
ret = platform_driver_register(&s3c_led_driver);
if(ret)
{
printk(KERN_ERR "%s:%d: Can't register platform driver %d\n", __FUNCTION__,__LINE__, ret);
goto fail_reg_plat_drv;
}
dbg_print("Regist S3C LED Platform Driver successfully.\n");
return 0;
fail_reg_plat_drv:
platform_driver_unregister(&s3c_led_driver);
fail_reg_plat_dev:
return ret;
}
根据前面介绍的基于platform总线,驱动的初始化函数通过platform_driver_register函数或者driver_register函数实现平台设备与平台驱动的关联。实现过程是通过传递设备与驱动所定义的结构体信息传递给函数,定义代码如下:
2.device与driver结构体
static struct platform_device s3c_led_device = {//定义设备结构体
.name = "s3c_led",
.id = 1,
.dev =
{
.platform_data = &s3c_led_data,
.release = platform_led_release,
},
}
static struct platform_driver s3c_led_driver = {//定义总线驱动结构体
.probe = s3c_led_probe,
.remove = s3c_led_remove,
.driver = {
.name = "s3c_led",
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
},
};
可以看到通过
相同的name域,设备和驱动匹配成功。只有这样才能实现互相匹配,实现驱动找设备,设备找驱动。(系统为platform总线定义了一个bus_type(总线类型)的实例platform_bus_type,在此结构体中有一个成员函数: .match,系统通过这个函数完成相关匹配)
当设备和驱动匹配成功,程序跳转执行probe()函数
3.static int s3c_led_probe(struct platform_device *dev)
static int s3c_led_probe(struct platform_device *dev)//设备和驱动相互识别是调用从由内核把platform_device传到probe函数
{
struct s3c_led_platform_data *pdata = dev->dev.platform_data;
int result = 0;
int i;
dev_t devno;
/* Initialize the LED status */
for(i=0; i<pdata->nleds; i++)
{
s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(pdata->leds[i].gpio, S3C2410_GPIO_OUTPUT); //设置相应gpio为输出模式
if(ON == pdata->leds[i].status)
{
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(pdata->leds[i].gpio, pdata->leds[i].active_level); //LED管脚亮
}
Else
{
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(pdata->leds[i].gpio, ~pdata->leds[i].active_level); //LED管脚灭
}
}
/* Alloc the device for driver */
if (0 != dev_major) //如果已经有主设备号
{
devno = MKDEV(dev_major, dev_minor); //生成devno值
result = register_chrdev_region(devno, 1, DEV_NAME); //分配次设备号
}
else
{
result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, dev_minor, 1, DEV_NAME); //动态分配主次设备号
dev_major = MAJOR(devno);
}
/* Alloc for device major failure */
if (result < 0)
{
printk("%s driver can't get major %d\n", DEV_NAME, dev_major); //分配失败打印信息
return result;
}
/* Initialize button structure and register cdev*/
memset(&led_device, 0, sizeof(led_device)); //清空led_device结构体空间
led_device.data = dev->dev.platform_data; //获取平台数据
cdev_init (&(led_device.cdev), &led_fops); //注册cdev结构体
led_device.cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
result = cdev_add (&(led_device.cdev), devno , 1); //添加设备到内核
if (result)
{
printk (KERN_NOTICE "error %d add %s device", result, DEV_NAME);
goto ERROR;
}
led_device.dev_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, DEV_NAME); //为设备自动创建节点
if(IS_ERR(led_device.dev_class))
{
printk("%s driver create class failture\n",DEV_NAME);
result = -ENOMEM;
goto ERROR;
}
#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE >= KERNEL_VERSION(2,6,24)
device_create(led_device.dev_class, NULL, devno, NULL, DEV_NAME);
#else
device_create (led_device.dev_class, NULL, devno, DEV_NAME);
#endif
/* Initial the LED blink timer */
/*启用内核定时器,初始 timer_list 的结构的一些变量*/
init_timer(&(led_device.blink_timer));
led_device.blink_timer.function = led_timer_handler;
led_device.blink_timer.data = (unsigned long)pdata;
led_device.blink_timer.expires = jiffies + TIMER_TIMEOUT; //闪烁时间间隔
add_timer(&(led_device.blink_timer)); //将blink_timer 加入内核timer列表中,等待处理
printk("S3C %s driver version %d.%d.%d initiliazed.\n", DEV_NAME, DRV_MAJOR_VER, DRV_MINOR_VER, DRV_REVER_VER);
return 0;
ERROR:
printk("S3C %s driver version %d.%d.%d install failure.\n", DEV_NAME, DRV_MAJOR_VER, DRV_MINOR_VER, DRV_REVER_VER);
cdev_del(&(led_device.cdev));
unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);
return result;
}
可以看出,该函数主要做了以下几件事:
(1)初始化LED灯
(2)分配设备编号
(3)初始化led_device结构体并注册cdev结构体
(4)自动创建设备节点
(5)初始化定时器
4.file_operations结构体
static struct file_operations led_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = led_open,
.release = led_release,
.unlocked_ioctl = led_ioctl, /* compatible with kernel version >=2.6.38*/
};
file_operations结构是用来建立与驱动程序的连接。这个结构定义在<linux/fs.h>,其中包含一组函数指针。每个打开的文件和一组函数关联。这些操作主要用来实现系统调用。这个结构中的每一个字段必须指向驱动程序中实现特定操作的函数,对于不支持的操作,对应的字段 可置为NULL值。
5.系统调用函数
(1)led_open函数
static int led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
struct led_device *pdev ;
struct s3c_led_platform_data *pdata;
pdev = container_of(inode->i_cdev,struct led_device, cdev);
pdata = pdev->data;
file->private_data = pdata;
return 0;
}
这里重点看看
container_of:
container_of 在Linux内核中是一个常用的宏,用于从包含在某个结构中的指针获得结构本身的指针。简单说就是通过一个结构变量中一个成员的地址找到这个结构体变量的首地址。在本函数中即获得结构体led_device的地址。
具体关于container_of可以参考这篇博客 点击打开链接
(2)led_ioctl函数
static long led_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
struct s3c_led_platform_data *pdata = file->private_data;
switch (cmd) //cmd为内核空间传过来的命令
{
case SET_DRV_DEBUG:
dbg_print("%s driver debug now.\n", DISABLE == arg ? "Disable" : "Enable");
debug = (0==arg) ? DISABLE : ENABLE;
break;
case GET_DRV_VER:
print_version(DRV_VERSION);
return DRV_VERSION;
/*如果传入LED_OFF命令,则关闭LED灯*/
case LED_OFF:
if(pdata->nleds <= arg)
{
printk("LED%ld doesn't exist\n", arg);
return -ENOTTY;
}
pdata->leds[arg].status = OFF;
pdata->leds[arg].blink = DISABLE;
break;
/*如果传入LED_OFF命令,则开启LED灯*/
case LED_ON:
if(pdata->nleds <= arg)
{
printk("LED%ld doesn't exist\n", arg);
return -ENOTTY;
}
pdata->leds[arg].status = ON;
pdata->leds[arg].blink = DISABLE;
break;
/*如果传入LED_BLINK命令,则闪烁LED灯*/
case LED_BLINK:
if(pdata->nleds <= arg)
{
printk("LED%ld doesn't exist\n", arg);
return -ENOTTY;
}
pdata->leds[arg].blink = ENABLE;
pdata->leds[arg].status = ON;
break;
default:
dbg_print("%s driver don't support ioctl command=%d\n", DEV_NAME, cmd);
print_led_help();
return -EINVAL;
}
return 0;
}
该l函数主要实现用户空间和内核空间命令的传递,从而实现对LED等亮灭以及闪烁的控制。
6.定时器中断服务函数void led_timer_handler(unsigned long data)
最好来看看定时器中断服务函数,通过该函数控制灯的闪烁
void led_timer_handler(unsigned long data)
{
int i;
struct s3c_led_platform_data *pdata = (struct s3c_led_platform_data *)data;
for(i=0; i<pdata->nleds; i++)
{
if(ON == pdata->leds[i].status) //判断LED灯的亮灭
{
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(pdata->leds[i].gpio, pdata->leds[i].active_level);
}
else
{
s3c2410_gpio_setpin(pdata->leds[i].gpio, ~pdata->leds[i].active_level);
}
if(ENABLE == pdata->leds[i].blink ) /* LED should blink */
{
/* Switch status between 0 and 1 to turn LED ON or off */
pdata->leds[i].status = pdata->leds[i].status ^ 0x01;
}
mod_timer(&(led_device.blink_timer), jiffies + TIMER_TIMEOUT);//计时器更新,jiffies是全局变量,在头文件
}
}
mod_timer函数
当一个定时器已经被插入到内核动态定时器链表中后,内核通过函数mod_timer来修改定时器的超时时间。
mod_timer函数也可以操作那些已经初始化,但还没有被激活的定时器,如果定时器没有激活,mod_timer会激活它。如果调用时定时器未被激活,该函数返回0,否则返回1。一旦从mod_timer函数返回,定时器都将被激活而且设置了新的定时值。
关于内核定时器的使用可以参考这篇博客 点击打开链接
大致流程就分析完了,下一篇将编写测试程序驱动该LED设备