OpenCV4.2.0 在Deepin15下编译静态库

内容参考

1. OpenCV静态库编译与链接

零、预置条件

Required Packages

• GCC 4.4.x or later
• CMake 2.8.7 or higher
• Git
• GTK+2.x or higher, including headers (libgtk2.0-dev)
• pkg-config
• Python 2.6 or later and Numpy 1.5 or later with developer packages (python-dev, python-numpy)
• ffmpeg or libav development packages: libavcodec-dev, libavformat-dev, - - libswscale-dev
• [optional] libtbb2 libtbb-dev
• [optional] libdc1394 2.x
• [optional] libjpeg-dev, libpng-dev, libtiff-dev, libjasper-dev, libdc1394-22-dev
• [optional] CUDA Toolkit 6.5 or higher

The packages can be installed using a terminal and the following commands or by using Synaptic Manager:

[compiler] sudo apt-get install build-essential
[required] sudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev
[optional] sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev

官方说明：
https://docs.opencv.org/4.2.0/d7/d9f/tutorial_linux_install.html

3rdparty GitHub 地址：
https://github.com/opencv/opencv_3rdparty/branches/all

一、编译库

1. 下载源码解压，并添加 static_release 文件夹
2. 进入 static_release文件夹，执行命令：

sudo cmake .. -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
    -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
    -D BUILD_JASPER=ON \
    -D BUILD_JAVA=OFF \
    -D BUILD_JPEG=ON \
    -D BUILD_PERF_TESTS=OFF \
    -D BUILD_PNG=ON \
    -D BUILD_PROTOBUF=ON \
    -D BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=NO \
    -D BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
    -D BUILD_TIFF=ON \
    -D BUILD_ZLIB=ON \
    -D BUILD_WEBP=ON \
    -D BUILD_opencv_apps=OFF \
    -D BUILD_opencv_core=ON \
    -D BUILD_opencv_calib3d=ON \
    -D BUILD_opencv_dnn=ON \
    -D BUILD_opencv_features2d=ON \
    -D BUILD_opencv_flann=ON \
    -D BUILD_opencv_gapi=OFF \
    -D BUILD_opencv_highgui=ON \
    -D BUILD_opencv_imgcodecs=ON \
    -D BUILD_opencv_imgproc=ON \
    -D BUILD_opencv_java_bindings_generator=OFF \
    -D BUILD_opencv_js=OFF \
    -D BUILD_opencv_ml=ON \
    -D BUILD_opencv_objdetect=OFF \
    -D BUILD_opencv_photo=OFF \
    -D BUILD_opencv_python2=OFF \
    -D BUILD_opencv_python3=OFF \
    -D BUILD_opencv_python_bindings_generator=OFF \
    -D BUILD_opencv_stitching=OFF \
    -D BUILD_opencv_ts=OFF \
    -D BUILD_opencv_video=OFF \
    -D BUILD_opencv_videoio=OFF \
    -D WITH_GTK=OFF \
    -D WITH_GTK_2_X=OFF \
    -D WITH_LAPACK=OFF

opencv依赖第三方的库，所以当把opencv编译成静态库的时候，注意要把它运行时必要的依赖库也编译进来，opencv源码内有自己的3rdparty，主要有：libjpeg、libpng、libtiff、libzlib、libwebp、libprotobuf、ffmpeg（用到video时编译）、libgtk（用于显示界面显示，服务器部署不会用到），可以通过cmake -LA来查看配置的编译信息，再根据信息考虑把opencv的哪些module编译进来。

可能用到的其它库

sudo apt-get -y install libopencv-dev build-essential cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config python-dev python-numpy libdc1394-22 libdc1394-22-dev libjpeg-dev libpng12-dev libtiff5-dev libjasper-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libxine2-dev libgstreamer0.10-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev libv4l-dev libtbb-dev libqt4-dev libfaac-dev libmp3lame-dev libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev x264v4l-utils unzip

sudo apt-get install libgtk-3-dev
 
sudo apt-get -y install libavresample-dev
sudo apt-get -y install libgphoto2-dev

sudo apt-get install libopenblas-dev

sudo apt install libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev

sudo apt-get install python3-dev python3-pip python3-tk python3-lxml python3-six

3. 执行 sudo make -j4 和 sudo make install

编译期间遇到的问题（处理方法参考下面链接）

1、第三方依赖无法下载成功的问题
简单操作就是去看 CMakeDownloadLog.txt 下的错误提示，然后去修改。

【OpenCV】编译OpenCV时，FFmpeg或ippicv下载不成功的解决方案，以及其它可能下载不成功问题的解决方案

二、使用库

链接时指定opencv的静态库以及依赖的库。另外需要注意头文件的问题，通过CMakeLists把opencv加入项目编译时，由于opencv编译完成后要install才会把所用的头文件集中拷贝到一个地方，所以事先将头文件拷贝到了项目的opencv目录下。

set(opencv_libs     #项目用到的库
    opencv_core
    opencv_dnn
    opencv_imgproc
    opencv_imgcodecs
    opencv_ml
    opencv_calib3d
    opencv_highgui
    zlib
    libjasper
    libjpeg-turbo
    libpng
    libtiff
    IlmImf
    libprotobuf
    libwebp)
 #编译opencv
 add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/3rdparty/opencv-3.14) 
 #增加头文件路径
 include_directories(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/3rdparty/opencv-3.14/include)
 #链接opencv静态库
 target_link_libraries(demo ${opencv_libs} -lrt -lpthread)