SpringDataJPA（一）-入门案列&测试代码

最新推荐文章于 2023-11-18 19:07:04 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-11-18 19:07:04 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/a751837/article/details/109182801

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本文是SpringDataJPA的入门教程，涵盖了从环境搭建到复杂查询的全过程。首先介绍了如何创建工程，导入依赖，配置文件，创建实体类以及编写DAO接口。接着详细讲解了如何进行findAll、save、delete等基本操作，以及findOne、getOne的立即加载和延迟加载。文章还深入探讨了自定义查询方法，包括SQL查询，强调了方法命名规则查询的便利性。

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SpringDataJPA

一.SpringDataJpa入门案列

一.SpringDataJpa入门案列

1.搭建环境

1.1 创建工程导入jar包

<properties>
        <spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version>
        <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
        <c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- junit单元测试 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.9</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- spring beg -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.8</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- spring end -->

        <!-- hibernate beg -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.1.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- hibernate end -->

        <!-- c3p0 beg -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>${c3p0.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- c3p0 end -->

        <!-- log end -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>${log4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- log end -->

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- el beg 使用spring data jpa 必须引入 -->
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>javax.el</groupId>  
            <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>  
            <version>2.2.4</version>  
        </dependency>  
          
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>  
            <artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>  
            <version>2.2.4</version>  
        </dependency> 
        <!-- el end -->
    </dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId>
            <artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.sun.xml.bind</groupId>
            <artifactId>jaxb-impl</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.sun.xml.bind</groupId>
            <artifactId>jaxb-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.activation</groupId>
            <artifactId>activation</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.1</version>
        </dependency>

1.2 配置配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">

    <bean id="dataSources" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa" />
        <property name="user" value="root" />
        <property name="password" value="root" />
    </bean>
<!--1.创建entityManagerfactory对象交给spring容器管理-->
    <bean id="entityManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSources"></property>
<!--        2.配置的是扫描的包，实体类所在包-->
        <property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.xkm.domain"></property>
<!--        3.jpa实现厂家-->
        <property name="persistenceProvider">
            <bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"
        </property>
        <!--JPA的供应商适配器-->
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
        <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<!--            配置是否自动创建数据库表-->
            <property name="generateDdl" value="false" />
<!--            指定数据库类型-->
            <property name="database" value="MYSQL" />
<!--            数据库方言，支持的特有语法-->
            <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
            <property name="showSql" value="true" />
        </bean>
        </property>
<!--        jpa的方言：高级的特性-->
        <property name="jpaDialect">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect"></bean>
        </property>
    </bean>

<!--    整合springdatajpa-->
    <jpa:repositories base-package="cn.xkm.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"
                      entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManager"></jpa:repositories>
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManager"></property>
    </bean>
<!--    spring声明式事务,此处省略-->
<!--    注解包扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.xkm"></context:component-scan>
</beans>

1.3 创建客户实体类并配置映射关系

package cn.xkm.domain;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity
@Table(name="cst_customer")
public class Customer {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "cust_id")
    private long custId; //客户主键
    @Column(name = "cust_name")
    private String custName; //客户名称
    @Column(name = "cust_source")
    private String custSource; //客户来源
    @Column(name = "cust_industry")
    private String custIndustry; //客户级别
    @Column(name = "cust_level")
    private String custLevel;  //客户所属行业
    @Column(name = "cust_address")
    private String custAddress; //客户地址
    @Column(name = "cust_phone")
    private String custPhone; //客户联系方式

1.4 编写SpringDataJpa规范的Dao接口

不需要写额外代码，只要继承两个接口就行

//符合SpringDataJpa的Dao曾接口规范
//JpaRepository<操作的实体类类型,实体类中主键属性的类型>
//    *封装了基本的CRUD操作
//JpaSpecificationExecutor<操作的实体类类型>
//     *封装了复杂查询（分页）
public interface JpaDao extends JpaRepository<Customer,Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> {
}

1.5 测试代码

1.5.1 findall查询所有

//声明Spring提供的单元测试环境
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
//指定spring容器的配置信息
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class JpaTest {
    @Autowired
    private JpaDao jpaDao;
    @Test
    public void findall(){
        List<Customer> all = jpaDao.findAll();
        all.forEach(a-> System.out.println(a));
    }
}

1.5.2 save保存和更新

如果主键存在，则更新，如果主键不存在则保存，都是save

        jpaDao.save(customer);

1.5.3 delete删除记录

  jpaDao.delete(4l);

2.复杂查询

2.1 findone （立即加载）

       Customer one = jpaDao.findOne(5l);
       System.out.println(one);

2.2 getone （延迟加载）

需要加上 @Transactional注解防止报错

   @Test
    @Transactional
    public void getOne(){
        Customer one = jpaDao.getOne(5l);
        System.out.println(one);
    }

2.3 自定义方法查询

在Dao接口上添加@Query注解，并设定查询语句

public interface JpaDao extends JpaRepository<Customer,Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> {
    @Query(value = "from Customer where custName = ? and custId = ?")
    public List<Customer> findJpql(String custName,long id);
}

2.4自定义方法更新

注：
1.dao接口中方法要加上 @Modifying，代表此操作是更新
2.更新操作要添加事务管理的注解 @Transactional
3.更新会默认回滚，要将默认回滚设为False，否则不成功 @Rollback(false)

    @Query(value = "update Customer set custName = ? where custId = ?")
    @Modifying//代表此操作是更新
    public void updateJpql(String custName,long id);

    @Test
    @Transactional
    @Rollback(false)
    public void update(){
       jpaDao.updateJpql("xkm",3l);
    }
}

2.5 在JPA中用SQL查询

2.5.1 查询全部

1.在dao中的 @Query注解中输入查询语句，并开启sql查询nativeQuery = true，默认为false
2.返回值设为List<Object[]>

    @Query(value = "select * from cst_customer",nativeQuery = true)
    public List<Object[]> findAllSql();

        List<Object[]> objects = jpaDao.findAllSql();
        for (Object[] object : objects) {
            String s = Arrays.toString(object);
            System.out.println(s);

2.5.2 条件查询

添加参数即可

    @Query(value = "select * from cst_customer where cust_name = ?",nativeQuery = true)
    public List<Object[]> findoneSql(String name);

2.6 方法命名规则查询

注：用提供好的命名规则，可以不用自己定义查询语句，例如：findBy开头

  public Customer findByCustId(Long id);

    Customer byCustId = jpaDao.findByCustId(4l);
     System.out.println(byCustId);

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