Swift扩展（Extensions）

 extension Double {
    var km: Double { return self * 1000.0 }
    var m: Double { return self }
    var cm: Double { return self / 100.0 }
    var mm: Double { return self / 1000.0 }
    var ft: Double { return self / 3.28084 }
 }
 
 
 // 扩展
 let km = 25.4.km
 km // 25,400.0
 
 
 struct Size {
    var width = 0.0
    var height = 0.0
 }
 
 struct Point {
    var x = 0.0
    var y = 0.0
 }
 
 struct Rect {
    var origin = Point()
    var size = Size()
 }
 
 // 扩展构造器
 
 extension Rect {
    init(center: Point, size: Size) {
        let originX = center.x - (size.width / 2)
        let originY = center.y - (size.height / 2)
        self.init(origin: Point(x: originX, y: originY), size: size)
    }
 }
 
 let centerRect = Rect(center: Point(x: 4.0, y: 4.0), size: Size(width: 3.0, height: 3.0))
 
 centerRect.origin   // {x 2.5, y 2.5}
 centerRect.size     // {width 3.0, height 3.0}
 
 // 扩展方法
 extension Int {
    func repetitions(task: ()->()) {
        for i in 0..<self {
            task()
        }
    }
 }
 
 4.repetitions({ () -> () in println("hello") })
// hello
// hello
// hello
// hello
 
 // trailing 闭包
 3.repetitions{
    println("hello swift")
 }
 
 // 修改实例的方法
 
 extension Int {
    mutating func square() {
        self = self * self
    }
 }
 
 
 var someInt = 4
someInt.square()
someInt  //16
 

// 扩展下标
 extension Int {
    subscript(digitIndex: Int) -> Int {
        var decimalBase = 1
            for _ in 1...digitIndex {
                decimalBase *= 10
            }
            return (self / decimalBase) % 10
    }
 }
 
 123456[1] // 返回 5