题意:
给你m种颜色,你要选出其中k种并全部用上去给那朵花涂颜色,相邻两朵花的颜色要不同有几种方案
思路:
设dp[k]为刚好用k种颜色的答案
如果k种颜色不用完则ans=k*(k-1)^(n-1)
则
dp[k]=ckk*f(k)-ckk-1*f(k-1)+ckk-2*f(k-2)-….
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define ll long long
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
const int MAXN = 1000010;
ll inv[MAXN], fac[MAXN]; // fac[i] =i!%mod inv[i] =1/(i!) %mod
void init()
{
inv[0] = fac[0] = inv[1] = fac[1] = 1;
for(int i = 2; i < MAXN; i++)
fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i % mod;
for(int i = 2; i < MAXN; i++)
inv[i] = (mod - (mod / i)) * inv[mod % i] % mod;
for(int i = 2; i < MAXN; i++)
inv[i] = inv[i - 1] * inv[i] % mod;
}
ll qpow(ll a, ll b)
{
ll ans = 1;
while(b)
{
if(b & 1) ans = a * ans % mod;
a = a * a % mod;
b >>= 1;
}
return ans;
}
ll CC(ll a, ll b)
{
if(a < b) return 0;
if(a < MAXN && b < MAXN)
return (fac[a] * inv[b] % mod) * inv[a - b] %mod;
if(b > a - b) b = a - b;
ll up = 1, down = 1;
for(ll i = 0; i < b; i++)
{
up = up * (a - i) % mod;
down = down * (i + 1) % mod;
}
return up * qpow(down, mod - 2) % mod;
}
ll C(ll a, ll b)
{
ll ans=fac[a];
ans=(ans*inv[b])%mod;
ans=(ans*inv[a-b])%mod;
return ans;
}
ll lucas(ll a, ll b)
{
if(b == 0) return 1;
return CC(a % mod, b % mod) * lucas(a / mod, b / mod) % mod;
}
ll n, m, k;
ll f(ll x)
{
return (k-x)*qpow(k-x-1,n-1)%mod;
}
ll solve( )
{
ll ans;
if(n==k) ans=fac[k];
else if(k==1) ans=0;
else
{
ans=0;
for(int i=0;i<k;i++)
if(i&1) ans=(ans-(f(i)*lucas(k,k-i))%mod+mod)%mod;
else ans=(ans+(f(i)*lucas(k,k-i))%mod)%mod;
}
return (ans*lucas(m,k))%mod;
}
int main()
{
init();
int T, kase = 1, i, j;
cin >> T;
while(T--)
{
scanf("%lld %lld %lld", &n, &m, &k);
printf("Case #%d: %lld\n", kase++, solve());
}
}