clickhouse中的lead和lag实现有多种方法,在标准的SQL中使用的windows function即可实现。
示例数据:
CREATE TABLE llexample (
g Int32,
a Date )
ENGINE = Memory;
INSERT INTO llexample SELECT
number % 3,
toDate('2020-01-01') + number
FROM numbers(10);
SELECT * FROM llexample ORDER BY g,a;
┌─g─┬──────────a─┐
│ 0 │ 2020-01-01 │
│ 0 │ 2020-01-04 │
│ 0 │ 2020-01-07 │
│ 0 │ 2020-01-10 │
│ 1 │ 2020-01-02 │
│ 1 │ 2020-01-05 │
│ 1 │ 2020-01-08 │
│ 2 │ 2020-01-03 │
│ 2 │ 2020-01-06 │
│ 2 │ 2020-01-09 │
└───┴────────────┘
方法1:array
select g, (arrayJoin(tuple_ll) as ll).1 a, ll.2 prev, ll.3 next
from (
select g, arrayMap( i,j,k -> (i,j,k),
arraySort(groupArray(a)) as aa,
arrayPopBack(arrayPushFront(aa, toDate(0))),
arrayPopFront(arrayPushBack(aa, toDate(0))) ) tuple_ll
from llexample
group by g)
order by g, a;
┌─g─┬──────────a─┬───────prev─┬───────next─┐
│ 0 │ 2020-01-01 │ 1970-01-01 │ 2020-01-04 │
│ 0 │ 2020-01-04 │ 2020-01-01 │ 2020-01-07 │
│ 0 │ 2020-01-07 │ 2020-01-04 │ 2020-01-10 │
│ 0 │ 2020-01-10 │ 2020-01-07 │ 1970-01-01 │
│ 1 │ 2020-01-02 │ 1970-01-01 │ 2020-01-05 │
│ 1 │ 2020-01-05 │ 2020-01-02 │ 2020-01-08 │
│ 1 │ 2020-01-08 │ 2020-01-05 │ 1970-01-01 │
│ 2 │ 2020-01-03 │ 1970-01-01 │ 2020-01-06 │
│ 2 │ 2020-01-06 │ 2020-01-03 │ 2020-01-09 │
│ 2 │ 2020-01-09 │ 2020-01-06 │ 1970-01-01 │
└───┴────────────┴────────────┴────────────┘
方法2:Using window functions (starting from Clickhouse 21.3)
SET allow_experimental_window_functions = 1;
SELECT
g,
a,
any(a) OVER (PARTITION BY g ORDER BY a ASC ROWS
BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 PRECEDING) AS prev,
any(a) OVER (PARTITION BY g ORDER BY a ASC ROWS
BETWEEN 1 FOLLOWING AND 1 FOLLOWING) AS next
FROM llexample
ORDER BY
g ASC,
a ASC;
┌─g─┬──────────a─┬───────prev─┬───────next─┐
│ 0 │ 2020-01-01 │ 1970-01-01 │ 2020-01-04 │
│ 0 │ 2020-01-04 │ 2020-01-01 │ 2020-01-07 │
│ 0 │ 2020-01-07 │ 2020-01-04 │ 2020-01-10 │
│ 0 │ 2020-01-10 │ 2020-01-07 │ 1970-01-01 │
│ 1 │ 2020-01-02 │ 1970-01-01 │ 2020-01-05 │
│ 1 │ 2020-01-05 │ 2020-01-02 │ 2020-01-08 │
│ 1 │ 2020-01-08 │ 2020-01-05 │ 1970-01-01 │
│ 2 │ 2020-01-03 │ 1970-01-01 │ 2020-01-06 │
│ 2 │ 2020-01-06 │ 2020-01-03 │ 2020-01-09 │
│ 2 │ 2020-01-09 │ 2020-01-06 │ 1970-01-01 │
└───┴────────────┴────────────┴────────────┘
方法3:Using lagInFrame/leadInFrame (starting from ClickHouse 21.4)
SELECT
g,
a,
lagInFrame(a) OVER (PARTITION BY g ORDER BY a ASC ROWS
BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS prev,
leadInFrame(a) OVER (PARTITION BY g ORDER BY a ASC ROWS
BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS next
FROM llexample
ORDER BY
g ASC,
a ASC;
┌─g─┬──────────a─┬───────prev─┬───────next─┐
│ 0 │ 2020-01-01 │ 1970-01-01 │ 2020-01-04 │
│ 0 │ 2020-01-04 │ 2020-01-01 │ 2020-01-07 │
│ 0 │ 2020-01-07 │ 2020-01-04 │ 2020-01-10 │
│ 0 │ 2020-01-10 │ 2020-01-07 │ 1970-01-01 │
│ 1 │ 2020-01-02 │ 1970-01-01 │ 2020-01-05 │
│ 1 │ 2020-01-05 │ 2020-01-02 │ 2020-01-08 │
│ 1 │ 2020-01-08 │ 2020-01-05 │ 1970-01-01 │
│ 2 │ 2020-01-03 │ 1970-01-01 │ 2020-01-06 │
│ 2 │ 2020-01-06 │ 2020-01-03 │ 2020-01-09 │
│ 2 │ 2020-01-09 │ 2020-01-06 │ 1970-01-01 │
└───┴────────────┴────────────┴────────────┘
方法4:Using neighbor (no grouping, incorrect result over blocks)
SELECT
g,
a,
neighbor(a, -1) AS prev,
neighbor(a, 1) AS next
FROM
(
SELECT *
FROM llexample
ORDER BY
g ASC,
a ASC
);
┌─g─┬──────────a─┬───────prev─┬───────next─┐
│ 0 │ 2020-01-01 │ 1970-01-01 │ 2020-01-04 │
│ 0 │ 2020-01-04 │ 2020-01-01 │ 2020-01-07 │
│ 0 │ 2020-01-07 │ 2020-01-04 │ 2020-01-10 │
│ 0 │ 2020-01-10 │ 2020-01-07 │ 2020-01-02 │
│ 1 │ 2020-01-02 │ 2020-01-10 │ 2020-01-05 │
│ 1 │ 2020-01-05 │ 2020-01-02 │ 2020-01-08 │
│ 1 │ 2020-01-08 │ 2020-01-05 │ 2020-01-03 │
│ 2 │ 2020-01-03 │ 2020-01-08 │ 2020-01-06 │
│ 2 │ 2020-01-06 │ 2020-01-03 │ 2020-01-09 │
│ 2 │ 2020-01-09 │ 2020-01-06 │ 1970-01-01 │
└───┴────────────┴────────────┴────────────┘