常用类下 - JDK8之前和JDK8新增的日期时间API、Java比较器、System类、Math类、BigInteger与BigDecimal
2 JDK8之前的日期时间API
2.1 java.lang.System类
long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
//返回当前时间与1970年1月1日0时0分0秒之间以毫秒为单位的时间差(毫秒数)
//称为时间戳
2.2 java.util.Date类
2.2.1 两个构造器
Date date1 = new Date();//对应当前时间
Date date2 = new Date(1550306204104L);//指定毫秒数
2.2.2 两个方法
System.out.println(date1.toString());
//Wed Aug 19 20:00:31 GMT+08:00 2020
System.out.println(date1.getTime());
//返回当前时间与1970年1月1日0时0分0秒之间以毫秒为单位的时间差
2.2.3 子类java.sql.Date类
- java.sql.Date对应数据库中的日期类型的变量
java.sql.Date date3 = new java.sql.Date(1550306204104L);
System.out.println(date3);//2019-3-16
- 将java.util.Date 转换成 java.sql.Date 对象
Date date4 = new Date();//java.util.Date
java.sql.Date date5 = new java.sql.Date(date4.getTime());//java.util.Date --> java.sql.Date
2.3 java.text.SimpleDateFormat类
2.3.1 SimpleDateFormat的实例化
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat();//默认模式与语言环境
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");//参数pattern指定的格式
2.3.2 格式化:日期 --> 字符串
Date date = new date();
String format = sdf.format(date);//20-8-20 下午16:00
2.3.3 解析:字符串 --> 日期
要求字符串必须是符合SimpleDateFormat识别的格式(默认/指定)
String str = "20-8-20 下午16:00";
Date date1 = sdf.parse(str);
2.3.4 几道题
-
字符“2020-09-08”转化为java.sql.Date
String birth = "2020-09-08" SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss"); Date date1 = sdf.parse(birth); java.sql.Date date2 = new java.sql.Date(date1.getTime());
-
“三天打鱼两天晒网” 1990-01-01 xxxx-xx-xx 打鱼?晒网?
/* 2020-09-08 * 毫秒数 --> 总天数 * 总天数 % 5 ==1,2,3 打鱼 * 总天数 % 5 ==4,0 晒网 */
2.4 java.util.Calendar(日历)类
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
// 从一个 Calendar 对象中获取 Date 对象
Date date = calendar.getTime();
// 使用给定的 Date 设置此 Calendar 的时间
date = new Date(234234235235L);
calendar.setTime(date);
calendar.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 8);
System.out.println("当前时间日设置为8后,时间是:" + calendar.getTime());
calendar.add(Calendar.HOUR, 2);
System.out.println("当前时间加2小时后,时间是:" + calendar.getTime());
calendar.add(Calendar.MONTH, -2);
System.out.println("当前日期减2个月后,时间是:" + calendar.getTime());
2.4.1 Calendar的实例化
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();//方式一
2.4.2 常用方法
//get()
int days = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);//当前天是当前月的第几天
//set()
calendar.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH,22);//将当前月的第几天改了
//add()
calendar.add(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH,3);//当前时间日加了3天
calendar.add(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH,-3);//当前时间日减了3天
//getTime() 日历类 --> Date类
Date date = calendar.getTime();
//setTime() Date类 --> 日历类
Date date1 = new Date();
calendar.setTime(date1);
3 JDK8中新的日期时间API
3.1 LocalDate、LocalTime、LocalDateTime
类似于Calendar
//xxxxxx.sout
//now():获取当前日期、时间、日期+时间
LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();//2019-02-18
LocalTime localTime = LocalTime.now();//15:13:31.650
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();//2019-02-18T15:13:31.650
//of():设置指定的年、月、日、时、分、秒(没有偏移量)
LocalDateTime localDateTime1 = LocalDateTime.of(2020,10,6,12,23,43);
//getXxx():获取相关属性
localDateTime.getDayOfMonth();//1-31
localDateTime.getDayOfYear();//1-366
localDateTime.getDayOfWeek();//星期几(DayOfWeek枚举值)
localDateTime.getMonth();//月份(Month枚举值)
localDateTime.getMonthValue();//月份(1-12)
localDateTime.getYear();//年份
localDateTime.getHour();//小时
localDateTime.getMinute();//分钟
localDateTime.getSecond();//秒
//withXxx():设置相关属性
//有返回值,体现不可变性(不会修改本身)
LocalDate localDate_a = localDate.withDayOfMonth();
LocalDate localDate_b = localDate.withDayOfYear();
LocalDate localDate_c = localDate.withMonth();
LocalDate localDate_d = localDate.withYear();
LocalDate localDate1 = localDate.withDayOfMonth(22);
System.out.println(localDate);//2019-02-18
System.out.println(localDate1);//2019-02-22
//plusXxxs():
//minusXxxs():
//Months、Weeks、Days、Years、Hours
//有返回值
3.2 瞬时:Instant
类似于Date
//now():返回默认UTC时区(本初子午线对应的)的Instant类的对象
Instant instant = Instant.now();//2019-02-18T07:29:41.719Z
//ofEpochMilli(long epochMilli):返回在1970-01-01 00:00:00基础上加上指定毫秒数之后的Instant类的对象
Instant instant1 = Instant.ofEpochMilli(1550475314878L);2019-02-18T07:29:41.719Z
//atOffset(ZoneOffset offset):添加即时的偏移量
OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime = instant.atOffset(ZoneOffset.ofHours(8));//2019-02-18T15:29:41.719+08:00
//toEpochMilli():返回1970-01-01 00:00:00到当前时间的毫秒数,即为时间戳
long milli = instant.toEpochMilli();//1550475314878
3.3 格式化、解析:DateTimeFormatter
类似于SimpleDateFormat
实例化:
-
预定义的标准格式。如:
ISO_LOCAL_DATE_TIME;
ISO_LOCAL_DATE;
ISO_LOCAL_TIME
DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE_TIME; //格式化:日期 --> 字符串 LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now(); String str1 = formatter.format(localDateTime);//2019-02-18T15:42:18.797 //解析:字符串 --> 日期 TemporalAccessor parse1 = formatter.parse("2019-02-18T15:42:18.797");
-
本地化相关的格式。如:
ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.LONG)
ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.MEDIUM)
ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.SHORT)
ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.FULL)
ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.LONG)
ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.MEDIUM)
ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.SHORT)
DateTimeFormatter formatter2 = DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.LONG) ; //格式化:日期 --> 字符串 LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now(); String str2 = formatter2.format(localDateTime);//2019年2月18日 下午03时47分16秒 //解析:字符串 --> 日期 TemporalAccessor parse2 = formatter.parse("2019年2月18日 下午03时47分16秒");
-
⭐️自定义的格式。
如:ofPattern(“yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss”)
DateTimeFormatter formatter3 = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(“yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss”); //格式化:日期 --> 字符串 LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now(); String str3 = formatter3.format(localDateTime);//2019-02-18 03:47:16 //解析:字符串 --> 日期 TemporalAccessor parse3 = formatter.parse("2019-02-18 03:47:16");
3.4 其他API
//ZoneId:类中包含了所有的时区信息
// ZoneId的getAvailableZoneIds():获取所有的ZoneId
Set<String> zoneIds = ZoneId.getAvailableZoneIds();
for (String s : zoneIds) {
System.out.println(s);
}
// ZoneId的of():获取指定时区的时间
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Asia/Tokyo"));
System.out.println(localDateTime);
//ZonedDateTime:带时区的日期时间
// ZonedDateTime的now():获取本时区的ZonedDateTime对象
ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println(zonedDateTime);
// ZonedDateTime的now(ZoneId id):获取指定时区的ZonedDateTime对象
ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime1 = ZonedDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Asia/Tokyo"));
System.out.println(zonedDateTime1);
//Duration:用于计算两个“时间”间隔,以秒和纳秒为基准
LocalTime localTime = LocalTime.now();
LocalTime localTime1 = LocalTime.of(15, 23, 32);
//between():静态方法,返回Duration对象,表示两个时间的间隔
Duration duration = Duration.between(localTime1, localTime);
System.out.println(duration);
System.out.println(duration.getSeconds());
System.out.println(duration.getNano());
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.of(2016, 6, 12, 15, 23, 32);
LocalDateTime localDateTime1 = LocalDateTime.of(2017, 6, 12, 15, 23, 32);
Duration duration1 = Duration.between(localDateTime1, localDateTime);
System.out.println(duration1.toDays());
//Period:用于计算两个“日期”间隔,以年、月、日衡量
LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();
LocalDate localDate1 = LocalDate.of(2028, 3, 18);
Period period = Period.between(localDate, localDate1);
System.out.println(period);
System.out.println(period.getYears());
System.out.println(period.getMonths());
System.out.println(period.getDays());
Period period1 = period.withYears(2);
System.out.println(period1);
// TemporalAdjuster:时间校正器
// 获取当前日期的下一个周日是哪天?
TemporalAdjuster temporalAdjuster = TemporalAdjusters.next(DayOfWeek.SUNDAY);
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now().with(temporalAdjuster);
System.out.println(localDateTime);
// 获取下一个工作日是哪天?
LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now().with(new TemporalAdjuster() {
@Override
public Temporal adjustInto(Temporal temporal) {
LocalDate date = (LocalDate) temporal;
if (date.getDayOfWeek().equals(DayOfWeek.FRIDAY)) {
return date.plusDays(3);
} else if (date.getDayOfWeek().equals(DayOfWeek.SATURDAY)) {
return date.plusDays(2);
} else {
return date.plusDays(1);
}
}
});
System.out.println("下一个工作日是:" + localDate);
3.5 参考:与传统日期处理的转换
4 Java比较器
-
Java实现对象排序的方式有两种:
-
自然排序:java.lang.Comparable
-
定制排序:java.util.Comparator
4.1 自然排序:java.lang.Comparable
- 像String、包装类等实现了Comparable接口,重写了compareTo()方法,给出了比较两个对象的方法
- 像String、包装类等实现了Comparable接口,进行了从小到大的排序
- 重写compareTo(obj)的规则:
- 如果当前对象this大于形参对象obj,则返回正整数
- 如果当前对象this小于形参对象obj,则返回负整数
- 如果当前对象this等于形参对象obj,则返回0
- 对于自定义类,如果需要排序,我们可以让自定义类实现Comparable接口,重写compareTo()方法,在compareTo(obj)方法中指明如何排序
class Goods implements Comparable {
private String name;
private double price;
//按照价格,比较商品的大小
@Override
public int compareTo(Object o) {
if(o instanceof Goods) {
Goods other = (Goods) o;
if (this.price > other.price) {
return 1;
} else if (this.price < other.price) {
return -1;
} else {
return 0;
//return this.name.compareTo(other.name);
//return -this.name.compareTo(other.name);
}
//return Double.compare(this.price, other.price);
}
throw new RuntimeException("输入的数据类型不一致");
}
//构造器、getter、setter、toString()方法略
}
public class ComparableTest{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Goods[] all = new Goods[4];
all[0] = new Goods("《红楼梦》", 100);
all[1] = new Goods("《西游记》", 80);
all[2] = new Goods("《三国演义》", 140);
all[3] = new Goods("《水浒传》", 120);
Arrays.sort(all);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(all));
}
}
4.2 定制排序:java.util.Comparator
-
当元素的类型没有实现java.lang.Comparable接口而又不方便修改代码,
或者实现了java.lang.Comparable接口的排序规则不适合当前的操作,
那么可以考虑使用 Comparator 的对象来排序,强行对多个对象进行整体排序的比较
public class ComparableTest{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Goods[] all = new Goods[4];
all[0] = new Goods("War and Peace", 100);
all[1] = new Goods("Childhood", 80);
all[2] = new Goods("Scarlet and Black", 140);
all[3] = new Goods("Notre Dame de Paris", 120);
Arrays.sort(all, new Comparator() {
@Override
public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
Goods g1 = (Goods) o1;
Goods g2 = (Goods) o2;
return g1.getName().compareTo(g2.getName());
}
});
Arrays.sort(all, new Comparator<Goods>() {
@Override
public int compare(Goods g1, Goods g2) {
return g1.getName().compareTo(g2.getName());
}
});
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(all));
}
}
4.3 Comparable接口与Comparator的对比
Comparable接口的方式指定
Comparator接口属于临时性的比较
5 System类
String javaVersion = System.getProperty("java.version");
System.out.println("java的version:" + javaVersion);
String javaHome = System.getProperty("java.home");
System.out.println("java的home:" + javaHome);
String osName = System.getProperty("os.name");
System.out.println("os的name:" + osName);
String osVersion = System.getProperty("os.version");
System.out.println("os的version:" + osVersion);
String userName = System.getProperty("user.name");
System.out.println("user的name:" + userName);
String userHome = System.getProperty("user.home");
System.out.println("user的home:" + userHome);
String userDir = System.getProperty("user.dir");
System.out.println("user的dir:" + userDir);
6 Math类
7 BigInteger与BigDecimal
public void testBigInteger() {
BigInteger bi = new BigInteger("12433241123");
BigDecimal bd = new BigDecimal("12435.351");
BigDecimal bd2 = new BigDecimal("11");
System.out.println(bi);
// System.out.println(bd.divide(bd2));
System.out.println(bd.divide(bd2, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP));
System.out.println(bd.divide(bd2, 15, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP));
}