1. 虚拟化介绍
虚拟化是云计算的基础。简单的说，虚拟化使得在一台物理的服务器上可以跑多台虚拟机，虚拟机共享物理机的 CPU、内存、IO 硬件资源，但逻辑上虚拟机之间是相互隔离的。
物理机我们一般称为宿主机（Host），宿主机上面的虚拟机称为客户机（Guest）。
那么 Host 是如何将自己的硬件资源虚拟化，并提供给 Guest 使用的呢？
这个主要是通过一个叫做 Hypervisor 的程序实现的。
根据 Hypervisor 的实现方式和所处的位置，虚拟化又分为两种：
- 全虚拟化
- 半虚拟化
全虚拟化：
Hypervisor 直接安装在物理机上，多个虚拟机在 Hypervisor 上运行。Hypervisor 实现方式一般是一个特殊定制的 Linux 系统。Xen 和 VMWare 的 ESXi 都属于这个类型
半虚拟化：
物理机上首先安装常规的操作系统，比如 Redhat、Ubuntu 和 Windows。Hypervisor 作为 OS 上的一个程序模块运行，并对管理虚拟机进行管理。KVM、VirtualBox 和 VMWare Workstation 都属于这个类型
理论上讲：
全虚拟化一般对硬件虚拟化功能进行了特别优化，性能上比半虚拟化要高；
半虚拟化因为基于普通的操作系统，会比较灵活，比如支持虚拟机嵌套。嵌套意味着可以在KVM虚拟机中再运行KVM。
2. kvm介绍
kVM 全称是 Kernel-Based Virtual Machine。也就是说 KVM 是基于 Linux 内核实现的。
KVM有一个内核模块叫 kvm.ko，只用于管理虚拟 CPU 和内存。
那 IO 的虚拟化，比如存储和网络设备则是由 Linux 内核与Qemu来实现。
作为一个 Hypervisor，KVM 本身只关注虚拟机调度和内存管理这两个方面。IO 外设的任务交给 Linux 内核和 Qemu。
大家在网上看 KVM 相关文章的时候肯定经常会看到 Libvirt 这个东西。
Libvirt 就是 KVM 的管理工具。
其实，Libvirt 除了能管理 KVM 这种 Hypervisor，还能管理 Xen，VirtualBox 等。
Libvirt 包含 3 个东西：后台 daemon 程序 libvirtd、API 库和命令行工具 virsh
- libvirtd是服务程序，接收和处理 API 请求；
- API 库使得其他人可以开发基于 Libvirt 的高级工具，比如 virt-manager，这是个图形化的 KVM 管理工具；
- virsh 是我们经常要用的 KVM 命令行工具
3. kvm部署
所需环境：
| 系统类型 | IP |
|---|---|
| centos7 | 192.168.249.131 |
3.1 kvm安装
部署前请确保你的CPU虚拟化功能已开启。分为两种情况：
- 虚拟机要关机设置CPU虚拟化
- 物理机要在BIOS里开启CPU虚拟化
关闭防火墙和SELINUX然后重启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
selinux=disabled
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
安装我们所需要的软件
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release vim wget net-tools unzip zip gcc gcc-c++
验证CPU是否支持KVM；如果结果中有vmx（Intel）或svm(AMD)字样，就说明CPU的支持的
[root@localhost ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo
vmx
vmx
vmx
vmx
kvm安装
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools qemu-img virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer bridge-utils libguestfs-tools
因为虚拟机中网络，我们一般都是和公司的其他服务器是同一个网段，所以我们需要把KVM服务器的网卡配置成桥接模式。这样的话KVM的虚拟机就可以通过该桥接网卡和公司内部其他服务器处于同一网段
这里我的网卡是ifcfg-ens33，所以用br0来桥接ens33网卡
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens33 ifdown-ippp ifdown-sit ifup-bnep ifup-plip ifup-Team network-functions-ipv6
ifcfg-lo ifdown-ipv6 ifdown-Team ifup-eth ifup-plusb ifup-TeamPort
ifdown ifdown-isdn ifdown-TeamPort ifup-ib ifup-post ifup-tunnel
ifdown-bnep ifdown-post ifdown-tunnel ifup-ippp ifup-ppp ifup-wireless
ifdown-eth ifdown-ppp ifup ifup-ipv6 ifup-routes init.ipv6-global
ifdown-ib ifdown-routes ifup-aliases ifup-isdn ifup-sit network-functions
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-br0
TYPE=Bridge #这里改为桥接模式
DEVICE=br0
NM_CONTROLLED=no
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=br0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.249.131
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.249.2
DNS1=114.114.114.114
DNS2=8.8.8.8
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=ens33
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0
NM_CONTROLLED=no
重启网络
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:88:34:3d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe88:343d/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:88:34:3d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.249.131/24 brd 192.168.249.255 scope global br0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe88:343d/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
启动服务
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl start libvirtd
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl enable libvirtd
查看安装结果
[root@localhost network-scripts]# lsmod|grep kvm
kvm_intel 174841 0
kvm 578518 1 kvm_intel
irqbypass 13503 1 kvm
测试并验证安装结果
[root@localhost network-scripts]# virsh -c qemu:///system list
Id 名称 状态
----------------------------------------------------
[root@localhost network-scripts]# virsh --version
4.5.0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# virt-install --version
1.5.0
做软连接
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@localhost network-scripts]# which qemu-kvm
/usr/bin/qemu-kvm
查看网桥信息
[root@localhost network-scripts]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000c2988343d no ens33
virbr0 8000.525400823b0f yes virbr0-nic
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:88:34:3d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe88:343d/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:88:34:3d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.249.131/24 brd 192.168.249.255 scope global br0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe88:343d/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:82:3b:0f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:82:3b:0f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3.2 kvm web管理界面安装
kvm 的 web 管理界面是由 webvirtmgr 程序提供的。
我们换另外一台机器来管理
安装依赖包
[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install epel-release git python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify supervisor nginx python-devel
从github上下载webvirtmgr代码
[root@kvm ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@kvm src]# git clone git://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git
Cloning into 'webvirtmgr'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 5614, done.
remote: Total 5614 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 5614
Receiving objects: 100% (5614/5614), 2.97 MiB | 1.04 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (3606/3606), done.
安装webvirtmgr
[root@kvm src]# cd webvirtmgr/
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# ls
conf deploy images locale networks secrets setup.py Vagrantfile
console dev-requirements.txt instance manage.py README.rst serverlog storages vrtManager
create hostdetail interfaces MANIFEST.in requirements.txt servers templates webvirtmgr
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# pip install -r requirements.txt
检查sqlite3是否安装
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Nov 16 2020, 22:23:17)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sqlite3 #输入此行若果没有报错证明没有问题
>>> exit()
初始化帐号信息
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# python manage.py syncdb
WARNING:root:No local_settings file found.
Creating tables ...
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table django_site
Creating table servers_compute
Creating table instance_instance
Creating table create_flavor
You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes #是否创建超级管理员账号
Username (leave blank to use 'root'): #指定超级管理员帐号用户名，默认留空为root
Email address: 913909626@qq.com #超级管理员邮箱
Password: #设置超级管理员密码
Password (again): #再次输入
Superuser created successfully. #成功
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s)
拷贝web网页至指定目录
[root@kvm src]# mkdir -p /var/www
[root@kvm src]# cp -r webvirtmgr /var/www/
[root@kvm src]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/www/webvirtmgr/
[root@kvm src]# ll /var/www/
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 20 nginx nginx 4096 Jun 20 09:37 webvirtmgr
生成密钥传给kvm主机，设置免密登录
[root@kvm src]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:DS8IAR3TeBZ4Bj2TvOx1vl86B47Q8jv3Vx/0OsHb950 root@kvm
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| .o=O.o |
| +o% |
| .* +. |
| .o..+. . |
| ...S+o .. .|
| . o.o . o.o|
| + + ..=+|
| = +o= B|
| .=o+.E=|
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@kvm src]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.249.131
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.249.131 (192.168.249.131)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:ughW/qOqwpqsJql0/14r/vgqDv0a4enCp8w+THo2FMQ.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:c4:d6:12:b7:b5:80:94:40:ee:f4:eb:15:e2:92:68:b8.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.249.131's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.249.131'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@kvm src]# ssh root@192.168.249.131 'date' #检查一下
Sun Jun 20 21:42:43 CST 2021
配置nginx
[root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
}
[root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/webvirtmgr.conf
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name $hostname;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log;
location /static/ {
root /var/www/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr;
expires max;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $remote_addr;
proxy_connect_timeout 600;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_send_timeout 600;
client_max_body_size 1024M;
}
}
确保bind绑定的是本机的8000端口
[root@kvm nginx]# vim /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
bind = '0.0.0.0:8000' #确保此处绑定的是本机的8000端口，这个在nginx配置中定义了，被代理的端口
backlog = 2048
启动nginx
[root@kvm nginx]# systemctl start nginx
[root@kvm nginx]# systemctl enable nginx
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@kvm nginx]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
设置supervisor
[root@kvm nginx]# vim /etc/supervisord.conf
[program:webvirtmgr]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr.log
log_stderr=true
user=nginx
[program:webvirtmgr-console]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/console/webvirtmgr-console
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr-console.log
redirect_stderr=true
user=nginx
启动supervisor并设置开机自启
[root@kvm nginx]# systemctl start supervisord
[root@kvm nginx]# systemctl enable supervisord
[root@kvm nginx]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 100 *:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
配置nginx用户
切换到nginx用户，做免密登录
[root@kvm nginx]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash
-bash-4.2$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/var/lib/nginx/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:MHufqZHl5yQoWPisIcv+OXed9irB3C5cYWhZRoC2ifM nginx@kvm
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| ..o. |
| o o |
| ooo = |
| o.o++ o |
| .oo+So.. |
| =E.+*oo |
| . o +.+=*.o |
| . o.+..=o== |
| .+.+o ..+.oo |
+----[SHA256]-----+
-bash-4.2$ ssh-copy-id root@192.168.249.131
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.249.131 (192.168.249.131)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:ughW/qOqwpqsJql0/14r/vgqDv0a4enCp8w+THo2FMQ.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:c4:d6:12:b7:b5:80:94:40:ee:f4:eb:15:e2:92:68:b8.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.249.131's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.249.131'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
-bash-4.2$ ssh root@192.168.249.131 'date'
Sun Jun 20 22:07:03 CST 2021
-bash-4.2$ touch ~/.ssh/config && echo -e "StrictHostKeyChecking=no\nUserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" >> ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$ cat .ssh/config
StrictHostKeyChecking=no
UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null
-bash-4.2$ chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$ exit
logout
[root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
bvirt SSH access]
Identity=unix-user:root
Action=org.libvirt.unix.manage
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=yes
ResultActive=yes
重启nginx
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart nginx
在kvm主机上重启libvirtd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart libvirtd
3.3 kvm web界面管理
通过ip地址在浏览器上访问kvm，例如我这里就是：http://192.168.249.131/login
分区格式化磁盘并挂载
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 200G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。
更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
使用磁盘标识符 0xfef1d0ee 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
分区号 (1-4，默认 1)：
起始 扇区 (2048-419430399，默认为 2048)：
将使用默认值 2048
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-419430399，默认为 419430399)：
将使用默认值 419430399
分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 200 GiB
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盘。
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 200G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 200G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=13107136 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=52428544, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=25599, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@localhost ~]# blkid
/dev/sdb1: UUID="13bb665d-812d-46f6-aa1e-40136a4b085c" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda1: UUID="b1827331-c1dd-477e-a243-ea0244c45529" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="2o5mPd-h1DS-cIzQ-lPah-nQE4-rEjS-rXY1Lp" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="f9de4467-dc24-4e03-b32b-b4adc09c585d" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/mapper/centos-swap: UUID="00715a29-55bc-4347-a1d1-8cca11107422" TYPE="swap"
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
UUID="13bb665d-812d-46f6-aa1e-40136a4b085c" /kvm_data xfs defaults 0 0 #加上此行
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /kvm_data
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1.8G 16G 11% /
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 144M 871M 15% /boot
tmpfs 378M 0 378M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 200G 33M 200G 1% /kvm_data
在/kvm_data下面传入镜像文件
[root@localhost ~]# cd /kvm_data/
[root@localhost kvm_data]# ls
CentOS-Stream-8-x86_64-20201211-dvd1.iso
查看iso镜像文件是否上传成功
kvm网络管理
创建虚拟机
设置在 web 上访问虚拟机的密码
虚拟机安装，此步骤跟在VMware中安装一样，这里不在演示
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