kubectl 常用命令

kubectl安装以后，默认是没有命令补全，也就是不能使用 Tab 键来补全命令，可以通过安装以下 软件包来实现。

# yum -y install bash-completion
# source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
# source <(kubectl completion bash)
# echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc

1. create 和 expose

创建资源

#创建一个deployment，并创建两个副本，这里使用的是我自己写的镜像
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create deployment my-dep --image=lxr909626/httpd:v0.1 --replicas=2   

#暴露端口号
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl expose deploy my-dep --port=80 --type=NodePort
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP        33h
my-dep       NodePort    10.103.225.228   <none>        80:30806/TCP   18s
nginx        NodePort    10.102.195.230   <none>        80:31410/TCP   33h

2. get

查看资源

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
my-dep-5dbb7d6f78-9b97g   1/1     Running   0          31m
my-dep-5dbb7d6f78-bt28j   1/1     Running   0          31m
nginx-6799fc88d8-jgk25    1/1     Running   0          33h
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get service
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP        33h
my-dep       NodePort    10.103.225.228   <none>        80:30806/TCP   11m
nginx        NodePort    10.102.195.230   <none>        80:31410/TCP   33h
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get deployments
NAME     READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
my-dep   2/2     2            2           31m
nginx    1/1     1            1           33h

//查看详细信息
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get deployments -o wide
NAME     READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES                 SELECTOR
my-dep   2/2     2            2           32m   httpd        lxr909626/httpd:v0.1   app=my-dep
nginx    1/1     1            1           33h   nginx        nginx                  app=nginx

3. delete

删除资源

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
my-dep-5dbb7d6f78-5sjkv   1/1     Running   0          14m
my-dep-5dbb7d6f78-s94lq   1/1     Running   0          14m
nginx-6799fc88d8-jgk25    1/1     Running   0          33h

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl delete deployments/my-dep
deployment.apps "my-dep" deleted
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get deployments
NAME    READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx   1/1     1            1           33h

4. describe

查看详细信息

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl describe deploy nginx
Name:                   nginx
Namespace:              default
CreationTimestamp:      Wed, 25 Aug 2021 11:48:06 +0800
Labels:                 app=nginx
Annotations:            deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 1
Selector:               app=nginx
Replicas:               1 desired | 1 updated | 1 total | 1 available | 0 unavailable
StrategyType:           RollingUpdate
MinReadySeconds:        0
RollingUpdateStrategy:  25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
Pod Template:
  Labels:  app=nginx
  Containers:
   nginx:
    Image:        nginx
    Port:         <none>
    Host Port:    <none>
    Environment:  <none>
    Mounts:       <none>
  Volumes:        <none>
Conditions:
  Type           Status  Reason
  ----           ------  ------
  Available      True    MinimumReplicasAvailable
  Progressing    True    NewReplicaSetAvailable
OldReplicaSets:  <none>
NewReplicaSet:   nginx-6799fc88d8 (1/1 replicas created)
Events:          <none>

5. exec

进入容器

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
my-dep-5dbb7d6f78-5sjkv   1/1     Running   0          14m
my-dep-5dbb7d6f78-s94lq   1/1     Running   0          14m
nginx-6799fc88d8-jgk25    1/1     Running   0          33h

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl exec -it pods/my-dep-5dbb7d6f78-5sjkv -- /bin/sh
/ # wget -O - -q my-dep
hello world
/ # wget -O - -q my-dep
hello world
/ # wget -O - -q my-dep
myapp v0
/ # 

//可以实现负载均衡

6. get namespace

查看所有的名称空间

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get namespace
NAME              STATUS   AGE
default           Active   34h
kube-node-lease   Active   34h
kube-public       Active   34h
kube-system       Active   34h

7. config view

查看默认的配置

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl config view
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED
    server: https://192.168.249.141:6443
  name: kubernetes
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: kubernetes
    user: kubernetes-admin
  name: kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
current-context: kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: kubernetes-admin
  user:
    client-certificate-data: REDACTED
    client-key-data: REDACTED

8. log

查看日志

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
my-dep-5dbb7d6f78-5sjkv   1/1     Running   0          14m
my-dep-5dbb7d6f78-s94lq   1/1     Running   0          14m
nginx-6799fc88d8-jgk25    1/1     Running   0          33h

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl logs my-dep-5dbb7d6f78-5sjkv

#更多的举例
语法：kubectl logs [-f] [-p] (POD | TYPE/NAME) [-c CONTAINER] [options]
# Examples: 
kubectl logs my-pod                              
# 输出一个单容器pod my-pod的日志到标准输出
kubectl logs nginx-78f5d695bd-czm8z -c nginx     
# 输出多容器pod中的某个nginx容器的日志
kubectl logs -l app=nginx                        
# 输出所有包含app-nginx标签的pod日志
kubectl logs -f my-pod                           
# 加上-f参数跟踪日志，类似tail -f
kubectl logs my-pod  -p                          
# 输出该pod的上一个退出的容器实例日志。在pod容器异常退出时很有用
kubectl logs my-pod  --since-time=2018-11-01T15:00:00Z
# 指定时间戳输出日志            
kubectl logs my-pod  --since=1h 
# 指定时间段输出日志，单位s/m/h

9. cluster-info

查看master和集群服务的地址

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes control plane is running at https://192.168.249.141:6443
KubeDNS is running at https://192.168.249.141:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy

To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

//查看集群详细日志
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl cluster-info dump 

//查看Kubernetes集群和客户端版本
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl version
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"20", GitVersion:"v1.20.0", GitCommit:"af46c47ce925f4c4ad5cc8d1fca46c7b77d13b38", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2020-12-08T17:59:43Z", GoVersion:"go1.15.5", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"20", GitVersion:"v1.20.0", GitCommit:"af46c47ce925f4c4ad5cc8d1fca46c7b77d13b38", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2020-12-08T17:51:19Z", GoVersion:"go1.15.5", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

10. edit

编辑资源信息

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
my-dep-5dbb7d6f78-5sjkv   1/1     Running   0          26m
my-dep-5dbb7d6f78-s94lq   1/1     Running   0          26m
nginx-6799fc88d8-jgk25    1/1     Running   0          34h
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl edit deployment nginx
# 执行以后它会以vi编辑器打开这个资源信息，然后可以编辑

11. label

添加标签

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl label pods nginx-6799fc88d8-jgk25 unhealthy=true
pod/nginx-6799fc88d8-jgk25 labeled

//可以用describe查看是否添加成功
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl describe pod nginx
Name:         nginx-6799fc88d8-jgk25
Namespace:    default
Priority:     0
Node:         k8s-node1.example.com/192.168.249.145
Start Time:   Wed, 25 Aug 2021 21:41:20 +0800
Labels:       app=nginx
              pod-template-hash=6799fc88d8
              unhealthy=true   

//删除标签
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl label pods nginx-6799fc88d8-jgk25 unhealthy-

//给 namespace 中的所有 pod 添加 label
# kubectl label  pods --all status=unhealthy

12. run

启动一个容器

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl run my-nginx --image=nginx --replicas=1 --port=80

13. set

修改镜像的版本

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl set image deployment/my-dep httpd=httpd:latest