设计模式-建造者模式

由于标准版的建造者模式我目前还没用过（或者见过我没认出来==），这里只说一种特殊的建造者模式，它适用于当一个类构造器需要传入很多参数时，如果使用构造函数创建这个类的实例，代码可读性会非常差，而且很容易引入错误，此时就可以利用 builder模式 ：

public class Person
{

    private String eyes;

    private String nose;

    private String mouth;

    private String ears;

    private String hair;

    /**
     * @param builder
     */
    public Person(Builder builder)
    {
        this.eyes = builder.eyes;
        this.nose = builder.nose;
        this.mouth = builder.mouth;
        this.ears = builder.ears;
        this.hair = builder.hair;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return "Person [eyes=" + eyes + ", nose=" + nose + ", mouth=" + mouth + ", ears=" + ears + ", hair=" + hair
                + "]";
    }

    public static final class Builder
    {
        private String eyes;

        private String nose;

        private String mouth;

        private String ears;

        private String hair;

        public Builder()
        {}

        public Builder eyes(String eyes)
        {
            this.eyes = eyes;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder nose(String nose)
        {
            this.nose = nose;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder mouth(String mouth)
        {
            this.mouth = mouth;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder ears(String ears)
        {
            this.ears = ears;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder hair(String hair)
        {
            this.hair = hair;
            return this;
        }

        public Person build()
        {
            return new Person(this);
        }

    }
}

public class Client
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Person xiaoming = new Builder()
                .eyes("大眼睛")
                .nose("小鼻子")
                .mouth("大嘴巴")
                .ears("小耳朵")
                .hair("红头发")
                .build();
        System.out.println(xiaoming.toString());
    }
}

这样的建造者模式更加灵活，非常使用于参数很多的状况，而且我们可以在builder的每个赋值方法中对参数进行校验。如果这些操作在实体对象本身的构造函数中校验呢？想都不敢想会是什么后果。
这种形式的建造者模式最常见肯定是在netty中莫属了。