Java+MySQL实现网络爬虫程序（转）

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-14 19:21:39 发布

尽其在我

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-14 19:21:39 发布

阅读量517

点赞数 1

分类专栏： JAVA-think 文章标签： Java+MySQL实现网络爬虫程序

JAVA-think 专栏收录该内容

5 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

网络爬虫，也叫网络蜘蛛，有的项目也把它称作“walker”。维基百科所给的定义是“一种系统地扫描互联网，以获取索引为目的的网络程序”。网络上有很多关于网络爬虫的开源项目，其中比较有名的是Heritrix和Apache Nutch。有时需要在网上搜集信息，如果需要搜集的是获取方法单一而人工搜集费时费力的信息，比如统计一个网站每个月发了多少篇文章、用了哪些标签，为自然语言处理项目搜集语料，或者为模式识别项目搜集图片等等，就需要爬虫程序来完成这样的任务。而且搜索引擎必不可少的组件之一也是网络爬虫。很多网络爬虫都是用Python，Java或C#实现的。我这里给出的是Java版本的爬虫程序。为了节省时间和空间，我把程序限制在只扫描本博客地址下的网页（也就是http://johnhan.net/但不包括http://johnhany.net/wp-content/下的内容），并从网址中统计出所用的所有标签。只要稍作修改，去掉代码里的限制条件就能作为扫描整个网络的程序使用。或者对输出格式稍作修改，可以作为生成博客sitemap的工具。代码也可以在这里下载：johnhany/WPCrawler。环境需求我的开发环境是Windows7 + Eclipse。需要XAMPP提供通过url访问MySQL数据库的端口。还要用到三个开源的Java类库： Apache HttpComponents 4.3 提供HTTP接口，用来向目标网址提交HTTP请求，以获取网页的内容； HTML Parser 2.0 用来解析网页，从DOM节点中提取网址链接； MySQL Connector/J 5.1.27 连接Java程序和MySQL，然后就可以用Java代码操作数据库。代码代码位于三个文件中，分别是：crawler.java，httpGet.java和parsePage.java。包名为net.johnhany.wpcrawler。

crawler.java

package net.johnhany.wpcrawler;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class crawler {
	
	public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
		String frontpage = "http://johnhany.net/";
		Connection conn = null;
		
		//connect the MySQL database
		try {
			Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
			String dburl = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8";
			conn = DriverManager.getConnection(dburl, "root", "");
			System.out.println("connection built");
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		String sql = null;
		String url = frontpage;
		Statement stmt = null;
		ResultSet rs = null;
		int count = 0;
		
		if(conn != null) {
			//create database and table that will be needed
			try {
				sql = "CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS crawler";
				stmt = conn.createStatement();
				stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
				
				sql = "USE crawler";
				stmt = conn.createStatement();
				stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
				
				sql = "create table if not exists record (recordID int(5) not null auto_increment, URL text not null, crawled tinyint(1) not null, primary key (recordID)) engine=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8";
				stmt = conn.createStatement();
				stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
				
				sql = "create table if not exists tags (tagnum int(4) not null auto_increment, tagname text not null, primary key (tagnum)) engine=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8";
				stmt = conn.createStatement();
				stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			
			//crawl every link in the database
			while(true) {
				//get page content of link "url"
				httpGet.getByString(url,conn);
				count++;
				
				//set boolean value "crawled" to true after crawling this page
				sql = "UPDATE record SET crawled = 1 WHERE URL = '" + url + "'";
				stmt = conn.createStatement();
				
				if(stmt.executeUpdate(sql) > 0) {
					//get the next page that has not been crawled yet
					sql = "SELECT * FROM record WHERE crawled = 0";
					stmt = conn.createStatement();
					rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
					if(rs.next()) {
						url = rs.getString(2);
					}else {
						//stop crawling if reach the bottom of the list
						break;
					}

					//set a limit of crawling count
					if(count > 1000 || url == null) {
						break;
					}
				}
			}
			conn.close();
			conn = null;
			
			System.out.println("Done.");
			System.out.println(count);
		}
	}
}

httpGet.java

package net.johnhany.wpcrawler;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.ResponseHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

public class httpGet {

    public final static void getByString(String url, Connection conn) throws Exception {
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        
        try {
            HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(url);
            System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());

            ResponseHandler<String> responseHandler = new ResponseHandler<String>() {

                public String handleResponse(
                        final HttpResponse response) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
                    int status = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
                    if (status >= 200 && status < 300) {
                        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                        return entity != null ? EntityUtils.toString(entity) : null;
                    } else {
                        throw new ClientProtocolException("Unexpected response status: " + status);
                    }
                }
            };
            String responseBody = httpclient.execute(httpget, responseHandler);
            /*
            //print the content of the page
            System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
            System.out.println(responseBody);
            System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
            */
            parsePage.parseFromString(responseBody,conn);
            
        } finally {
            httpclient.close();
        }
    }
}

parsePage.java

package net.johnhany.wpcrawler;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

import org.htmlparser.Node;
import org.htmlparser.Parser;
import org.htmlparser.filters.HasAttributeFilter;
import org.htmlparser.tags.LinkTag;
import org.htmlparser.util.NodeList;
import org.htmlparser.util.ParserException;

import java.net.URLDecoder;

public class parsePage {
	
	public static void parseFromString(String content, Connection conn) throws Exception {
		Parser parser = new Parser(content);
		HasAttributeFilter filter = new HasAttributeFilter("href");
		
		try {
			NodeList list = parser.parse(filter);
			int count = list.size();
			
			//process every link on this page
			for(int i=0; i<count; i++) {
				Node node = list.elementAt(i);
				
				if(node instanceof LinkTag) {
					LinkTag link = (LinkTag) node;
					String nextlink = link.extractLink();
					String mainurl = "http://johnhany.net/";
					String wpurl = mainurl + "wp-content/";

					//only save page from "http://johnhany.net"
					if(nextlink.startsWith(mainurl)) {
						String sql = null;
						ResultSet rs = null;
						PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
						Statement stmt = null;
						String tag = null;
						
						//do not save any page from "wp-content"
						if(nextlink.startsWith(wpurl)) {
							continue;
						}
						
						try {
							//check if the link already exists in the database
							sql = "SELECT * FROM record WHERE URL = '" + nextlink + "'";
							stmt = conn.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY,ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);
							rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);

							if(rs.next()) {
								
				            }else {
				            	//if the link does not exist in the database, insert it
				            	sql = "INSERT INTO record (URL, crawled) VALUES ('" + nextlink + "',0)";
				            	pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
				            	pstmt.execute();
				            	System.out.println(nextlink);
				            	
				            	//use substring for better comparison performance
				            	nextlink = nextlink.substring(mainurl.length());
				            	//System.out.println(nextlink);
				            	
				            	if(nextlink.startsWith("tag/")) {
				            		tag = nextlink.substring(4, nextlink.length()-1);
				            		//decode in UTF-8 for Chinese characters
				            		tag = URLDecoder.decode(tag,"UTF-8");
				            		sql = "INSERT INTO tags (tagname) VALUES ('" + tag + "')";
					            	pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql, Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
					            	//if the links are different from each other, the tags must be different
					            	//so there is no need to check if the tag already exists
					            	pstmt.execute();
				            	}
				            }
						} catch (SQLException e) {
							//handle the exceptions
							System.out.println("SQLException: " + e.getMessage());
						    System.out.println("SQLState: " + e.getSQLState());
						    System.out.println("VendorError: " + e.getErrorCode());
						} finally {
							//close and release the resources of PreparedStatement, ResultSet and Statement
							if(pstmt != null) {
								try {
									pstmt.close();
								} catch (SQLException e2) {}
							}
							pstmt = null;
							
							if(rs != null) {
								try {
									rs.close();
								} catch (SQLException e1) {}
							}
							rs = null;
							
							if(stmt != null) {
								try {
									stmt.close();
								} catch (SQLException e3) {}
							}
							stmt = null;
						}
						
					}
				}
			}
		} catch (ParserException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

程序原理

所谓“互联网”，是网状结构，任意两个节点间都有可能存在路径。爬虫程序对互联网的扫描，在图论角度来讲，就是对有向图的遍历（链接是从一个网页指向另一个网页，所以是有向的）。常见的遍历方法有深度优先和广度优先两种。相关理论知识可以参考树的遍历：这里和这里。我的程序采用的是广度优先方式。

程序从crawler.java的main()开始运行。

Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
String dburl = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8";
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(dburl, "root", "");
System.out.println("connection built");

首先，调用DriverManager连接MySQL服务。这里使用的是XAMPP的默认MySQL端口3306，端口值可以在XAMPP主界面看到：