学：关于嵌入式Linux内核Boot的启动流程的总结（一）

0x00 概述

最近在看关于嵌入式Linux关于Boot的一些资料，准备了一些资料。现在在这里将最近学习到的一些知识做个总结。
这次的总结主要关于Boot的一些参数解析与相应的启动流程总结。
使用了飞凌科技的IMXQ6的开发板2016.06的BOOT适配板搭配的源码进行分析。
因为Markdown插件对于&符号判断的问题，我将代码中所有的&替换成了￥，修改回来即可。

0x10 make编译参数与流程解析

makefile文件在现在是一个软件编译系统的核心，根据makefile可以了解当前的文件是否被包括在项目中，可以有效的排除相应的干扰项。
当前BOOT项目的makefile应该是autoconf进行生成的，所以文件中带有很多autoconf的痕迹，对一个大型项目来说，使用autoconf生成makefile是常见的。

0x11 Boot的Make参数

飞凌科技的boot使用了脚本的方式进行编译，编译包括其公司各种产品的UBootImage，而我只需要一个需要的内核bin即可。

#!/bin/bash

make distclean                    //清除了相应的数据缓存
make mx6q-c-sabresd_defconfig     //根据我的开发板进行编译数据配置
make -j5                          //j5为5线程编译流程
cp u-boot.imx uboot-6q.tran       //编译完成后的文件拷贝

这段代码就是相应的编译指令。而make mx6q-c-sabresd_defconfig则是主要的make配置。

0x12 Boot的Makefile相关解析

分析一个复杂软件的源代码可以直接使用其Makefile看出现在编译的文件，进而可以确定现在软件包括的源代码与数据。
打开makefile文件即可看到当前的数据标志：

#  版本相关
VERSION = 2016      //主要版本
PATCHLEVEL = 03     //次要版本
SUBLEVEL =          //分支版本
EXTRAVERSION =      //额外版本号
NAME =              //开发代号

上述的数据主要是当前的版本号与版本的标志。主要版本号、次要版本号都是经常改变的。而分支版本号、开发代号主要是设备分支的版本代号，而额外版本号主要是当前的额外版本补丁号。一般只有在需要更新之后才会进行修改编译。

##############################正式编译###################################
#########################################################################
#  相应的数据定义，主要是选择当前需要的编译信息
HOSTARCH := ￥(shell uname -m | \
    sed -e s/i.86/x86/ \
        -e s/sun4u/sparc64/ \
        -e s/arm.*/arm/ \                #核心点
        -e s/sa110/arm/ \
        -e s/ppc64/powerpc/ \
        -e s/ppc/powerpc/ \
        -e s/macppc/powerpc/\
        -e s/sh.*/sh/)

HOSTOS := ￥(shell uname -s | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | \
        sed -e 's/\(cygwin\).*/cygwin/')

export  HOSTARCH HOSTOS

跳过一般Makefile的一些常见递归编译代码与编译目录选择相关代码之后，可以看到这段代码。这段代码主要是定义当前的设备编译架构与设备系统类型。因为IMXQ6为ARM A9内核，所以当前选择的是arm架构与Linux.
随后就是大量的编译环境配置（因为这个makefile是由autoconf定制生成）。与相应的数据定义。
而选择编译的配置文件主要在makefile的编译之前：

#  正式编译脚本
#  选择编译配置脚本或者是手动编译配置
ifeq (￥(mixed-targets),1)
# ===========================================================================
# We're called with mixed targets (*config and build targets).
# Handle them one by one.
#  一个一个选择（手动编译配置）
PHONY += ￥(MAKECMDGOALS) __build_one_by_one

￥(filter-out __build_one_by_one, ￥(MAKECMDGOALS)): __build_one_by_one
    @:

__build_one_by_one:
    ￥(Q)set -e; \
    for i in ￥(MAKECMDGOALS); do \
        ￥(MAKE) -f ￥(srctree)/Makefile ￥￥i; \
    done

else
#  选择编译配置文件进行编译配置文件
ifeq (￥(config-targets),1)
# ===========================================================================
# *config targets only - make sure prerequisites are updated, and descend
# in scripts/kconfig to make the *config target

KBUILD_DEFCONFIG := sandbox_defconfig
export KBUILD_DEFCONFIG KBUILD_KCONFIG

config: scripts_basic outputmakefile FORCE
    ￥(Q)￥(MAKE) ￥(build)=scripts/kconfig ￥@

%config: scripts_basic outputmakefile FORCE
    ￥(Q)￥(MAKE) ￥(build)=scripts/kconfig ￥@

else
# ===========================================================================
# Build targets only - this includes vmlinux, arch specific targets, clean
# targets and others. In general all targets except *config targets.
#  单独编译
ifeq (￥(dot-config),1)
# Read in config
-include include/config/auto.conf

这样就可以进行选择，自动配置完成的脚本与单独配置。
相比Linux的配置繁琐，Uboot的配置较为简单。所以使用defconfig文件或者是手动配置方式都是可以的。但是如果是Linux内核编译则最好使用defconfig文件就可以完成，这样可以避免内核配置出现的不必要的错误。
下面就是包含config.mk文件，这个文件包括了编译CPU相关的参数。

#
# (C) Copyright 2000-2013
# Wolfgang Denk, DENX Software Engineering, wd@denx.de.
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier:  GPL-2.0+
#
#########################################################################

# This file is included from ./Makefile and spl/Makefile.
# Clean the state to avoid the same flags added twice.
#
# (Tegra needs different flags for SPL.
#  That's the reason why this file must be included from spl/Makefile too.
#  If we did not have Tegra SoCs, build system would be much simpler...)
#  相应的标志位
PLATFORM_RELFLAGS :=
PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS :=
PLATFORM_LDFLAGS :=
LDFLAGS :=
LDFLAGS_FINAL :=
OBJCOPYFLAGS :=
# clear VENDOR for tcsh
VENDOR :=
#########################################################################
#  相应的编译属性
ARCH := ￥(CONFIG_SYS_ARCH:"%"=%)
CPU := ￥(CONFIG_SYS_CPU:"%"=%)
ifdef CONFIG_SPL_BUILD
ifdef CONFIG_TEGRA
CPU := arm720t
endif
endif
BOARD := ￥(CONFIG_SYS_BOARD:"%"=%)
ifneq (￥(CONFIG_SYS_VENDOR),)
VENDOR := ￥(CONFIG_SYS_VENDOR:"%"=%)
endif
ifneq (￥(CONFIG_SYS_SOC),)
SOC := ￥(CONFIG_SYS_SOC:"%"=%)
endif

# Some architecture config.mk files need to know what CPUDIR is set to,
# so calculate CPUDIR before including ARCH/SOC/CPU config.mk files.
# Check if arch/￥ARCH/cpu/￥CPU exists, otherwise assume arch/￥ARCH/cpu contains
# CPU-specific code.
#  CPU配置
CPUDIR=arch/￥(ARCH)/cpu￥(if ￥(CPU),/￥(CPU),)

sinclude ￥(srctree)/arch/￥(ARCH)/config.mk  # include architecture dependend rules
sinclude ￥(srctree)/￥(CPUDIR)/config.mk     # include  CPU  specific rules

ifdef   SOC
sinclude ￥(srctree)/￥(CPUDIR)/￥(SOC)/config.mk  # include  SoC  specific rules
endif
ifneq (￥(BOARD),)
ifdef   VENDOR
BOARDDIR = ￥(VENDOR)/￥(BOARD)
else
BOARDDIR = ￥(BOARD)
endif
endif
ifdef   BOARD
sinclude ￥(srctree)/board/￥(BOARDDIR)/config.mk # include board specific rules
endif

ifdef FTRACE
PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS += -finstrument-functions -DFTRACE
endif

# Allow use of stdint.h if available
ifneq (￥(USE_STDINT),)
PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS += -DCONFIG_USE_STDINT
endif

#########################################################################

RELFLAGS := ￥(PLATFORM_RELFLAGS)

PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS += ￥(RELFLAGS)
PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS += -pipe

LDFLAGS += ￥(PLATFORM_LDFLAGS)
LDFLAGS_FINAL += -Bstatic

export PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS
export RELFLAGS
export LDFLAGS_FINAL
export CONFIG_STANDALONE_LOAD_ADDR

做完相应的配置后，就开始相应的编译，主要流程为：

1. 相应的数据标志位配置与转换

# Read in dependencies to all Kconfig* files, make sure to run
# oldconfig if changes are detected.
#    配置相关的config.mk余项
-include include/config/auto.conf.cmd

# To avoid any implicit rule to kick in, define an empty command
￥(KCONFIG_CONFIG) include/config/auto.conf.cmd: ;

# If .config is newer than include/config/auto.conf, someone tinkered
# with it and forgot to run make oldconfig.
# if auto.conf.cmd is missing then we are probably in a cleaned tree so
# we execute the config step to be sure to catch updated Kconfig files
include/config/%.conf: ￥(KCONFIG_CONFIG) include/config/auto.conf.cmd
    ￥(Q)￥(MAKE) -f ￥(srctree)/Makefile silentoldconfig
    @# If the following part fails, include/config/auto.conf should be
    @# deleted so "make silentoldconfig" will be re-run on the next build.
    ￥(Q)￥(MAKE) -f ￥(srctree)/scripts/Makefile.autoconf || \
        { rm -f include/config/auto.conf; false; }
    @# include/config.h has been updated after "make silentoldconfig".
    @# We need to touch include/config/auto.conf so it gets newer
    @# than include/config.h.
    @# Otherwise, 'make silentoldconfig' would be invoked twice.
    ￥(Q)touch include/config/auto.conf

-include include/autoconf.mk
-include include/autoconf.mk.dep

# We want to include arch/￥(ARCH)/config.mk only when include/config/auto.conf
# is up-to-date. When we switch to a different board configuration, old CONFIG
# macros are still remaining in include/config/auto.conf. Without the following
# gimmick, wrong config.mk would be included leading nasty warnings/errors.
ifneq (￥(wildcard ￥(KCONFIG_CONFIG)),)
ifneq (￥(wildcard include/config/auto.conf),)
autoconf_is_old := ￥(shell find . -path ./￥(KCONFIG_CONFIG) -newer \
                        include/config/auto.conf)
ifeq (￥(autoconf_is_old),)
#  当前配置需要重新生成
include config.mk
include arch/￥(ARCH)/Makefile
endif
endif
endif

# If board code explicitly specified LDSCRIPT or CONFIG_SYS_LDSCRIPT, use
# that (or fail if absent).  Otherwise, search for a linker script in a
# standard location.
#  建立链接文件树
ifndef LDSCRIPT
    #LDSCRIPT := ￥(srctree)/board/￥(BOARDDIR)/u-boot.lds.debug
    ifdef CONFIG_SYS_LDSCRIPT
        # need to strip off double quotes
        LDSCRIPT := ￥(srctree)/￥(CONFIG_SYS_LDSCRIPT:"%"=%)
    endif
endif

# If there is no specified link script, we look in a number of places for it
ifndef LDSCRIPT
    ifeq (￥(wildcard ￥(LDSCRIPT)),)
        LDSCRIPT := ￥(srctree)/board/￥(BOARDDIR)/u-boot.lds
    endif
    ifeq (￥(wildcard ￥(LDSCRIPT)),)
        LDSCRIPT := ￥(srctree)/￥(CPUDIR)/u-boot.lds
    endif
    ifeq (￥(wildcard ￥(LDSCRIPT)),)
        LDSCRIPT := ￥(srctree)/arch/￥(ARCH)/cpu/u-boot.lds
    endif
endif

else
#  无需重新配置
# Dummy target needed, because used as prerequisite
include/config/auto.conf: ;
endif # ￥(dot-config)
#  根据相应的config.mk进行相应的标志位配置
ifdef CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE
KBUILD_CFLAGS   += -Os
else
KBUILD_CFLAGS   += -O2
endif

KBUILD_CFLAGS += ￥(call cc-option,-fno-stack-protector)
KBUILD_CFLAGS += ￥(call cc-option,-fno-delete-null-pointer-checks)

KBUILD_CFLAGS   += -g
# ￥(KBUILD_AFLAGS) sets -g, which causes gcc to pass a suitable -g
# option to the assembler.
KBUILD_AFLAGS   += -g

# Report stack usage if supported
ifeq (￥(shell ￥(CONFIG_SHELL) ￥(srctree)/scripts/gcc-stack-usage.sh ￥(CC)),y)
    KBUILD_CFLAGS += -fstack-usage
endif

KBUILD_CFLAGS += ￥(call cc-option,-Wno-format-nonliteral)

# turn jbsr into jsr for m68k
ifeq (￥(ARCH),m68k)
ifeq (￥(findstring 3.4,￥(shell ￥(CC) --version)),3.4)
KBUILD_AFLAGS += -Wa,-gstabs,-S
endif
endif

# Prohibit date/time macros, which would make the build non-deterministic
KBUILD_CFLAGS   += ￥(call cc-option,-Werror=date-time)

include scripts/Makefile.extrawarn

# Add user supplied CPPFLAGS, AFLAGS and CFLAGS as the last assignments
KBUILD_CPPFLAGS += ￥(KCPPFLAGS)
KBUILD_AFLAGS += ￥(KAFLAGS)
KBUILD_CFLAGS += ￥(KCFLAGS)
# Use UBOOTINCLUDE when you must reference the include/ directory.
# Needed to be compatible with the O= option
#  包含相应的数据包与配置项
UBOOTINCLUDE    := \
        -Iinclude \
        ￥(if ￥(KBUILD_SRC), -I￥(srctree)/include) \
        ￥(if ￥(CONFIG_SYS_THUMB_BUILD), ￥(if ￥(CONFIG_HAS_THUMB2),, \
            -I￥(srctree)/arch/￥(ARCH)/thumb1/include),) \
        -I￥(srctree)/arch/￥(ARCH)/include \
        -include ￥(srctree)/include/linux/kconfig.h

NOSTDINC_FLAGS += -nostdinc -isystem ￥(shell ￥(CC) -print-file-name=include)
CHECKFLAGS     += ￥(NOSTDINC_FLAGS)

# FIX ME
cpp_flags := ￥(KBUILD_CPPFLAGS) ￥(PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS) ￥(UBOOTINCLUDE) \
                            ￥(NOSTDINC_FLAGS)
c_flags := ￥(KBUILD_CFLAGS) ￥(cpp_flags)

2. 包含相应的项目库

#########################################################################
# U-Boot objects....order is important (i.e. start must be first)
#  包含各种库文件
HAVE_VENDOR_COMMON_LIB = ￥(if ￥(wildcard ￥(srctree)/board/￥(VENDOR)/common/Makefile),y,n)

libs-y += lib/
libs-￥(HAVE_VENDOR_COMMON_LIB) += board/￥(VENDOR)/common/
libs-￥(CONFIG_OF_EMBED) += dts/
libs-y += fs/
libs-y += net/
libs-y += disk/
libs-y += drivers/
libs-y += drivers/dma/
libs-y += drivers/gpio/
libs-y += drivers/i2c/
libs-y += drivers/mmc/
libs-y += drivers/mtd/
libs-￥(CONFIG_CMD_NAND) += drivers/mtd/nand/
libs-y += drivers/mtd/onenand/
libs-￥(CONFIG_CMD_UBI) += drivers/mtd/ubi/
libs-y += drivers/mtd/spi/
libs-y += drivers/net/
libs-y += drivers/net/phy/
libs-y += drivers/pci/
libs-y += drivers/power/ \
    drivers/power/fuel_gauge/ \
    drivers/power/mfd/ \
    drivers/power/pmic/ \
    drivers/power/battery/ \
    drivers/power/regulator/
libs-y += drivers/spi/
libs-￥(CONFIG_FMAN_ENET) += drivers/net/fm/
libs-￥(CONFIG_SYS_FSL_DDR) += drivers/ddr/fsl/
libs-￥(CONFIG_ALTERA_SDRAM) += drivers/ddr/altera/
libs-y += drivers/serial/
libs-y += drivers/usb/dwc3/
libs-y += drivers/usb/emul/
libs-y += drivers/usb/eth/
libs-y += drivers/usb/gadget/
libs-y += drivers/usb/gadget/udc/
libs-y += drivers/usb/host/
libs-y += drivers/usb/musb/
libs-y += drivers/usb/musb-new/
libs-y += drivers/usb/phy/
libs-y += drivers/usb/ulpi/
libs-y += cmd/
libs-y += common/
libs-￥(CONFIG_API) += api/
libs-￥(CONFIG_HAS_POST) += post/
libs-y += test/
libs-y += test/dm/
libs-￥(CONFIG_UT_ENV) += test/env/

libs-y += ￥(if ￥(BOARDDIR),board/￥(BOARDDIR)/)

libs-y := ￥(sort ￥(libs-y))

u-boot-dirs := ￥(patsubst %/,%,￥(filter %/, ￥(libs-y))) tools examples

u-boot-alldirs  := ￥(sort ￥(u-boot-dirs) ￥(patsubst %/,%,￥(filter %/, ￥(libs-))))

libs-y      := ￥(patsubst %/, %/built-in.o, ￥(libs-y))

u-boot-init := ￥(head-y)
u-boot-main := ￥(libs-y)

3. 包含相应的GCC库

# Add GCC lib
ifeq (￥(CONFIG_USE_PRIVATE_LIBGCC),y)
PLATFORM_LIBGCC = arch/￥(ARCH)/lib/lib.a
else
PLATFORM_LIBGCC := -L ￥(shell dirname `￥(CC) ￥(c_flags) -print-libgcc-file-name`) -lgcc
endif
PLATFORM_LIBS += ￥(PLATFORM_LIBGCC)
export PLATFORM_LIBS
export PLATFORM_LIBGCC

# Special flags for CPP when processing the linker script.
# Pass the version down so we can handle backwards compatibility
# on the fly.
LDPPFLAGS += \
    -include ￥(srctree)/include/u-boot/u-boot.lds.h \
    -DCPUDIR=￥(CPUDIR) \
    ￥(shell ￥(LD) --version | \
      sed -ne 's/GNU ld version \([0-9][0-9]*\)\.\([0-9][0-9]*\).*/-DLD_MAJOR=\1 -DLD_MINOR=\2/p')

4. 进行编译环境的配置

#  准备编译项
ifneq (￥(CONFIG_BOARD_SIZE_LIMIT),)
BOARD_SIZE_CHECK = \
    @actual=`wc -c ￥@ | awk '{print ￥￥1}'`; \
    limit=`printf "%d" ￥(CONFIG_BOARD_SIZE_LIMIT)`; \
    if test ￥￥actual -gt ￥￥limit; then \
        echo "￥@ exceeds file size limit:" >&2 ; \
        echo "  limit:  ￥￥limit bytes" >&2 ; \
        echo "  actual: ￥￥actual bytes" >&2 ; \
        echo "  excess: ￥￥((actual - limit)) bytes" >&2; \
        exit 1; \
    fi
else
BOARD_SIZE_CHECK =
endif

# Statically apply RELA-style relocations (currently arm64 only)
ifneq (￥(CONFIG_STATIC_RELA),)
# ￥(1) is u-boot ELF, ￥(2) is u-boot bin, ￥(3) is text base
DO_STATIC_RELA = \
    start=￥￥(￥(NM) ￥(1) | grep __rel_dyn_start | cut -f 1 -d ' '); \
    end=￥￥(￥(NM) ￥(1) | grep __rel_dyn_end | cut -f 1 -d ' '); \
    tools/relocate-rela ￥(2) ￥(3) ￥￥start ￥￥end
else
DO_STATIC_RELA =
endif

# Always append ALL so that arch config.mk's can add custom ones
ALL-y += u-boot.srec u-boot.bin u-boot.sym System.map u-boot.cfg binary_size_check

ALL-￥(CONFIG_ONENAND_U_BOOT) += u-boot-onenand.bin
ifeq (￥(CONFIG_SPL_FSL_PBL),y)
ALL-￥(CONFIG_RAMBOOT_PBL) += u-boot-with-spl-pbl.bin
else
ifneq (￥(CONFIG_SECURE_BOOT), y)
# For Secure Boot The Image needs to be signed and Header must also
# be included. So The image has to be built explicitly
ALL-￥(CONFIG_RAMBOOT_PBL) += u-boot.pbl
endif
endif
ALL-￥(CONFIG_SPL) += spl/u-boot-spl.bin
ALL-￥(CONFIG_SPL_FRAMEWORK) += u-boot.img
ALL-￥(CONFIG_TPL) += tpl/u-boot-tpl.bin
ALL-￥(CONFIG_OF_SEPARATE) += u-boot.dtb
ifeq (￥(CONFIG_SPL_FRAMEWORK),y)
ALL-￥(CONFIG_OF_SEPARATE) += u-boot-dtb.img
endif
ALL-￥(CONFIG_OF_HOSTFILE) += u-boot.dtb
ifneq (￥(CONFIG_SPL_TARGET),)
ALL-￥(CONFIG_SPL) += ￥(CONFIG_SPL_TARGET:"%"=%)
endif
ALL-￥(CONFIG_REMAKE_ELF) += u-boot.elf
ALL-￥(CONFIG_EFI_APP) += u-boot-app.efi
ALL-￥(CONFIG_EFI_STUB) += u-boot-payload.efi

ifneq (￥(BUILD_ROM),)
ALL-￥(CONFIG_X86_RESET_VECTOR) += u-boot.rom
endif

# enable combined SPL/u-boot/dtb rules for tegra
ifeq (￥(CONFIG_TEGRA)￥(CONFIG_SPL),yy)
ALL-y += u-boot-tegra.bin u-boot-nodtb-tegra.bin
ALL-￥(CONFIG_OF_SEPARATE) += u-boot-dtb-tegra.bin
endif

# Add optional build target if defined in board/cpu/soc headers
ifneq (￥(CONFIG_BUILD_TARGET),)
ALL-y += ￥(CONFIG_BUILD_TARGET:"%"=%)
endif

LDFLAGS_u-boot += ￥(LDFLAGS_FINAL)
ifneq (￥(CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE),)
LDFLAGS_u-boot += -Ttext ￥(CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE)
endif

# Normally we fill empty space with 0xff
quiet_cmd_objcopy = OBJCOPY ￥@
cmd_objcopy = ￥(OBJCOPY) --gap-fill=0xff ￥(OBJCOPYFLAGS) \
    ￥(OBJCOPYFLAGS_￥(@F)) ￥< ￥@

# Provide a version which does not do this, for use by EFI
quiet_cmd_zobjcopy = OBJCOPY ￥@
cmd_zobjcopy = ￥(OBJCOPY) ￥(OBJCOPYFLAGS) ￥(OBJCOPYFLAGS_￥(@F)) ￥< ￥@

quiet_cmd_efipayload = OBJCOPY ￥@
cmd_efipayload = ￥(OBJCOPY) -I binary -O ￥(EFIPAYLOAD_BFDTARGET) -B ￥(EFIPAYLOAD_BFDARCH) ￥< ￥@

quiet_cmd_mkimage = MKIMAGE ￥@
cmd_mkimage = ￥(objtree)/tools/mkimage ￥(MKIMAGEFLAGS_￥(@F)) -d ￥< ￥@ \
    ￥(if ￥(KBUILD_VERBOSE:1=), >/dev/null)

quiet_cmd_cat = CAT     ￥@
cmd_cat = cat ￥(filter-out ￥(PHONY), ￥^) > ￥@

append = cat ￥(filter-out ￥< ￥(PHONY), ￥^) >> ￥@

quiet_cmd_pad_cat = CAT     ￥@
cmd_pad_cat = ￥(cmd_objcopy) && ￥(append) || rm -f ￥@

5. 开始正式进行编译

#  开始正式编译
all:        ￥(ALL-y)
ifneq (￥(CONFIG_SYS_GENERIC_BOARD),y)
    @echo "===================== WARNING ======================"
    @echo "Please convert this board to generic board."
    @echo "Otherwise it will be removed by the end of 2014."
    @echo "See doc/README.generic-board for further information"
    @echo "===================================================="
endif
ifeq (￥(CONFIG_DM_I2C_COMPAT),y)
    @echo "===================== WARNING ======================"
    @echo "This board uses CONFIG_DM_I2C_COMPAT. Please remove"
    @echo "(possibly in a subsequent patch in your series)"
    @echo "before sending patches to the mailing list."
    @echo "===================================================="
endif

6. 编译进行

#  实际的编译项
PHONY += dtbs
dtbs dts/dt.dtb: checkdtc u-boot
    ￥(Q)￥(MAKE) ￥(build)=dts dtbs

quiet_cmd_copy = COPY    ￥@
      cmd_copy = cp ￥< ￥@

ifeq (￥(CONFIG_OF_SEPARATE),y)
u-boot-dtb.bin: u-boot-nodtb.bin dts/dt.dtb FORCE
    ￥(call if_changed,cat)

u-boot.bin: u-boot-dtb.bin FORCE
    ￥(call if_changed,copy)
else
u-boot.bin: u-boot-nodtb.bin FORCE
    ￥(call if_changed,copy)
endif

%.imx: %.bin
    ￥(Q)￥(MAKE) ￥(build)=arch/arm/imx-common ￥@

u-boot.dtb: dts/dt.dtb
    ￥(call cmd,copy)

OBJCOPYFLAGS_u-boot.hex := -O ihex

OBJCOPYFLAGS_u-boot.srec := -O srec

u-boot.hex u-boot.srec: u-boot FORCE
    ￥(call if_changed,objcopy)

OBJCOPYFLAGS_u-boot-nodtb.bin := -O binary \
        ￥(if ￥(CONFIG_X86_RESET_VECTOR),-R .start16 -R .resetvec)

binary_size_check: u-boot-nodtb.bin FORCE
    @file_size=￥(shell wc -c u-boot-nodtb.bin | awk '{print ￥￥1}') ; \
    map_size=￥(shell cat u-boot.map | \
        awk '/_image_copy_start/ {start = ￥￥1} /_image_binary_end/ {end = ￥￥1} END {if (start != "" && end != "") print "ibase=16; " toupper(end) " - " toupper(start)}' \
        | sed 's/0X//g' \
        | bc); \
    if [ "" != "￥￥map_size" ]; then \
        if test ￥￥map_size -ne ￥￥file_size; then \
            echo "u-boot.map shows a binary size of ￥￥map_size" >&2 ; \
            echo "  but u-boot-nodtb.bin shows ￥￥file_size" >&2 ; \
            exit 1; \
        fi \
    fi

u-boot-nodtb.bin: u-boot FORCE
    ￥(call if_changed,objcopy)
    ￥(call DO_STATIC_RELA,￥<,￥@,￥(CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE))
    ￥(BOARD_SIZE_CHECK)

u-boot.ldr: u-boot
        ￥(CREATE_LDR_ENV)
        ￥(LDR) -T ￥(CONFIG_CPU) -c ￥@ ￥< ￥(LDR_FLAGS)
        ￥(BOARD_SIZE_CHECK)

OBJCOPYFLAGS_u-boot.ldr.hex := -I binary -O ihex

OBJCOPYFLAGS_u-boot.ldr.srec := -I binary -O srec

u-boot.ldr.hex u-boot.ldr.srec: u-boot.ldr FORCE
    ￥(call if_changed,objcopy)
#    ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
#    大抵都是差不多的编译项和链接项，以及一些clean相关的项目
#  编译完成

7. 编译完成
   最后编译完成的数据文件即为%PROJRCT%.imx，%PROJRCT%为自定义项。

0x20 启动前准备

根据当前的配置项，可以发现当前的配置项主要是在board\freescale\mx6sabresd文件夹下，当前文件夹下的数据为当前CPU适配代码，而arch/arm/imx-common文件夹下主要是当前的开发板的配置。
相应的main函数与进入boot的函数都在这几个文件下。
启动时，指针会在数据0x00000000下读取指令进行运行：

init_fnc_t init_sequence_r[] = {
    initr_trace,
    initr_reloc,
    /* TODO: could x86/PPC have this also perhaps? */
#ifdef CONFIG_ARM
    initr_caches,
    /* Note: For Freescale LS2 SoCs, new MMU table is created in DDR.
     *   A temporary mapping of IFC high region is since removed,
     *   so environmental variables in NOR flash is not availble
     *   until board_init() is called below to remap IFC to high
     *   region.
     */
#endif
    initr_reloc_global_data,
#if defined(CONFIG_SYS_INIT_RAM_LOCK) && defined(CONFIG_E500)
    initr_unlock_ram_in_cache,
#endif
    initr_barrier,
    initr_malloc,
    initr_console_record,
#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_NONCACHED_MEMORY
    initr_noncached,
#endif
    bootstage_relocate,
#ifdef CONFIG_DM
    initr_dm,
#endif
    initr_bootstage,
#if defined(CONFIG_ARM) || defined(CONFIG_NDS32)
    board_init, /* Setup chipselects */
#endif
    /*
     * TODO: printing of the clock inforamtion of the board is now
     * implemented as part of bdinfo command. Currently only support for
     * davinci SOC's is added. Remove this check once all the board
     * implement this.
     */
#ifdef CONFIG_CLOCKS
    set_cpu_clk_info, /* Setup clock information */
#endif
    stdio_init_tables,
    initr_serial,
    initr_announce,
    INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
#ifdef CONFIG_NEEDS_MANUAL_RELOC
    initr_manual_reloc_cmdtable,
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_PPC) || defined(CONFIG_M68K)
    initr_trap,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ADDR_MAP
    initr_addr_map,
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_BOARD_EARLY_INIT_R)
    board_early_init_r,
#endif
    INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
#ifdef CONFIG_LOGBUFFER
    initr_logbuffer,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_POST
    initr_post_backlog,
#endif
    INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_DELAYED_ICACHE
    initr_icache_enable,
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_PCI) && defined(CONFIG_SYS_EARLY_PCI_INIT)
    /*
     * Do early PCI configuration _before_ the flash gets initialised,
     * because PCU ressources are crucial for flash access on some boards.
     */
    initr_pci,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_WINBOND_83C553
    initr_w83c553f,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_EARLY_INIT_R
    arch_early_init_r,
#endif
    power_init_board,
#ifndef CONFIG_SYS_NO_FLASH
    initr_flash,
#endif
    INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
#if defined(CONFIG_PPC) || defined(CONFIG_M68K) || defined(CONFIG_X86) || \
    defined(CONFIG_SPARC)
    /* initialize higher level parts of CPU like time base and timers */
    cpu_init_r,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_PPC
    initr_spi,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CMD_NAND
    initr_nand,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CMD_ONENAND
    initr_onenand,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_MMC
    initr_mmc,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_HAS_DATAFLASH
    initr_dataflash,
#endif
    initr_env,
#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_BOOTPARAMS_LEN
    initr_malloc_bootparams,
#endif
    INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
    initr_secondary_cpu,
#if defined(CONFIG_ID_EEPROM) || defined(CONFIG_SYS_I2C_MAC_OFFSET)
    mac_read_from_eeprom,
#endif
    INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
#if defined(CONFIG_PCI) && !defined(CONFIG_SYS_EARLY_PCI_INIT)
    /*
     * Do pci configuration
     */
    initr_pci,
#endif
    stdio_add_devices,
    initr_jumptable,
#ifdef CONFIG_API
    initr_api,
#endif
    console_init_r,     /* fully init console as a device */
#ifdef CONFIG_DISPLAY_BOARDINFO_LATE
    show_board_info,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_MISC_INIT
    arch_misc_init,     /* miscellaneous arch-dependent init */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_MISC_INIT_R
    misc_init_r,        /* miscellaneous platform-dependent init */
#endif
    INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
#ifdef CONFIG_CMD_KGDB
    initr_kgdb,
#endif
    interrupt_init,
#if defined(CONFIG_ARM) || defined(CONFIG_AVR32)
    initr_enable_interrupts,
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_MICROBLAZE) || defined(CONFIG_AVR32) || defined(CONFIG_M68K)
    timer_init,     /* initialize timer */
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_STATUS_LED)
    initr_status_led,
#endif
    /* PPC has a udelay(20) here dating from 2002. Why? */
#ifdef CONFIG_CMD_NET
    initr_ethaddr,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_BOARD_LATE_INIT
    board_late_init,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_FSL_FASTBOOT
    initr_fastboot_setup,
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_CMD_AMBAPP)
    ambapp_init_reloc,
#if defined(CONFIG_SYS_AMBAPP_PRINT_ON_STARTUP)
    initr_ambapp_print,
#endif
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CMD_SCSI
    INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
    initr_scsi,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CMD_DOC
    INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
    initr_doc,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_BITBANGMII
    initr_bbmii,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CMD_NET
    INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
    initr_net,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_POST
    initr_post,
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_CMD_PCMCIA) && !defined(CONFIG_CMD_IDE)
    initr_pcmcia,
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_CMD_IDE)
    initr_ide,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_LAST_STAGE_INIT
    INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
    /*
     * Some parts can be only initialized if all others (like
     * Interrupts) are up and running (i.e. the PC-style ISA
     * keyboard).
     */
    last_stage_init,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CMD_BEDBUG
    INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
    initr_bedbug,
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_PRAM) || defined(CONFIG_LOGBUFFER)
    initr_mem,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_PS2KBD
    initr_kbd,
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_SPARC)
    prom_init,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_FSL_FASTBOOT
    initr_check_fastboot,
#endif
  /* 初始化完成 */
    run_main_loop,
}

0x30 启动时操作

随后在进行了硬件初始化完成之后，运行了run_main_loop()，这个函数主要作用为进入main_loop()。

/* We come here after U-Boot is initialised and ready to process commands */
void main_loop(void)
{
    const char *s;

    bootstage_mark_name(BOOTSTAGE_ID_MAIN_LOOP, "main_loop");

#ifndef CONFIG_SYS_GENERIC_BOARD
    puts("Warning: Your board does not use generic board. Please read\n");
    puts("doc/README.generic-board and take action. Boards not\n");
    puts("upgraded by the late 2014 may break or be removed.\n");
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_VERSION_VARIABLE
    setenv("ver", version_string);  /* set version variable */
#endif /* CONFIG_VERSION_VARIABLE */

    cli_init();

    run_preboot_environment_command();

#if defined(CONFIG_UPDATE_TFTP)
    update_tftp(0UL, NULL, NULL);
#endif /* CONFIG_UPDATE_TFTP */
    /* BOOT等待一定时间，未出现键盘输入则自动跳走 */
    s = bootdelay_process();
    if (cli_process_fdt(&s))
        cli_secure_boot_cmd(s);

    autoboot_command(s);
    run_command("scr_menu", 0);
    cli_loop();
}

而如果这一段时间之后没有出现键盘输入则会跳入下方的程序，进入正式的Linux内核，而将当前的控制权交予Linux内核。

0x40 跳转方式与内存管理

跳转函数为hang()(不知道为啥叫了这么个奇奇怪怪的名字),是一个跳转指令，可以将CPU指令跳转进入Linux内核部分，随后进入了Linux自己的内核。
在之前，BOOT会清除Cache相应的数据，并且将相应的TAG数据存入内存中，并且修改了相应的中断相关入口。这些关键的数据都会在Linux进行使用。

0x50总结

1. 因为当前BOOT的内核相应的代码，实在是太多了，分析起来不是很容易。所以还有很多没有分析到的逻辑，这个会在之后的文章上补全。

2. 启动流程主要分为四步：

   1. 上电进入。

   2. 硬件初始化。

   3. 启动前数据清除与跳转后数据交互。

   4. 跳转到指定位置，并移交CPU控制权。

更多

本文首发自 学：关于嵌入式Linux内核Boot的启动流程的总结（一）-我的博客，更多文章可进入我的博客详查。

​