RTTI_rnt是什么意思-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/a992036795/article/details/51459139

RTTI是运行阶段类型识别(Runtime Type Identification)的简称。这是新添加到c++中的特性之一，很多老式实现不支持。另一些实现可能包含开关RTTI的编译器设置。RTTI旨在为程序在运行阶段确定对象类型提供一种标准方式。很多类库已经成为其父类对象提供了实现这种方式的功能。但由于c++内部并不支持，因此各个厂商的机制通常互不兼容。创建一种RTTI语言标准将使得未来的库能够彼此兼容。

c++有3个支持RTTI的元素

如果可能的话，dynamic_cast 运算符将使用一个指向基类的指针来生成一个指向派生类的指针；否则，该运算符返回0——空指针
typied运算符返回一个指出对象的类型的值
type_info结构存储了有关特定类型的信息

假设我们有下面的类层次结构:

class Grand{ //has virtual methods};
class Super:public Grand {...}
class Magnificent : public Superb{...}

假设有下面的指针:

Grand *pg = new Grand ;
Grand *ps = new Superd;
Grand *pm = new Manificent;

1、dynamic_cast
我们来看一下dynamic_cast的语法，该语法用法如下,其中pg指向一个对象
Superb pm = dynamic_cast< Superb > (pg) ;
这样指针 pg 如果可以安全的转换为Superb * 则返回对象地址，否则返回一个空指针。
示例:

// test1002.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include<iostream>

using std::cout;
class Grand
{
private:
    int hold;
public :
    Grand(int h = 0) :hold(h) {}
    virtual void Speak() const { cout << "I am a grand class \n"; }
    virtual int Value() const { return hold; }
};

class Superb :public Grand
{
public :
    Superb(int h = 0) :Grand(h) {}
    void Speak() const { cout << "I am a superb class ! \n"; }
    virtual void Say() const 
    {
        cout << "I hold the superb value of " << Value() << "! \n";
    }
};

class Magnificent : public Superb
{
private :
    char ch;
public :
    Magnificent(int h = 0, char c = 'A') :Superb(h), ch(c)
    {
    }
    void Speak() const 
    {
        cout << "I am a magnificent class !!!! \n";
    }
    void Say() const
    {
        cout << "I hold the character " << ch << " and the integer " << Value() <<"! \n";
    }
};

Grand  * GetOne();
int main()
{
    std::srand(static_cast<unsigned int>(std::time(0)));
    Grand * pg;
    Superb * ps;
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    {
        pg = GetOne();
        pg->Speak();
        if (ps = dynamic_cast<Superb *>(pg)) {
            ps->Say();
        }
    }
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}
Grand  *  GetOne()
{
    Grand * p = new Grand();
    switch (std::rand() % 3)
    {
        delete p;
    case 0:p = new Grand(std::rand() % 100); break;
    case 1:p = new Superb(std::rand() % 100); break;
    case 2:p = new Magnificent(std::rand() % 100, std::rand() % 26); break;
    }

    return p;
}
运行结果:
I am a superb class !
I hold the superb value of 3!
I am a magnificent class !!!!
I hold the character  and the integer 5!
I am a grand class
I am a grand class
I am a magnificent class !!!!
I hold the character  and the integer 87!
请按任意键继续. . .

2、typied运算符合type_info 类
typied 运算符能够确定两个对象是否为同类型。他接收两种参数：1、类名、2、结果为对象的表达式
typied运算符返回的是一个type_info对象的引用，type_info在头文件typeinfo(以前是typeinfo.h)的文件中定义。type_info类重载了== 和！=运算符，以便可以使用这些运算符来对类型进行比较。
示例: typeid(Manificnent) == typeid(*pg) 这个表达式结果为 bool值
如果pg是一个空指针，程序将引发bad_typied异常。该异常类型是从exception类中派生而来的。是在typeinfo中声明的。
type_info类的实现随厂商而异，但包含一个name()成员，该函数返回一个随实现而异的字符串:通常是类的名字。

示例

// test1002.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include<iostream>
#include <typeinfo>
using std::cout;
class Grand
{
private:
    int hold;
public :
    Grand(int h = 0) :hold(h) {}
    virtual void Speak() const { cout << "I am a grand class \n"; }
    virtual int Value() const { return hold; }
};

class Superb :public Grand
{
public :
    Superb(int h = 0) :Grand(h) {}
    void Speak() const { cout << "I am a superb class ! \n"; }
    virtual void Say() const 
    {
        cout << "I hold the superb value of " << Value() << "! \n";
    }
};

class Magnificent : public Superb
{
private :
    char ch;
public :
    Magnificent(int h = 0, char c = 'A') :Superb(h), ch(c)
    {
    }
    void Speak() const 
    {
        cout << "I am a magnificent class !!!! \n";
    }
    void Say() const
    {
        cout << "I hold the character " << ch << " and the integer " << Value() <<"! \n";
    }
};

Grand  * GetOne();
int main()
{
    std::srand(static_cast<unsigned int>(std::time(0)));
    Grand * pg;
    Superb * ps;
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    {
        pg = GetOne();
        cout << "Now Process type " << typeid (*pg).name() << ". \n"; //显示
        pg->Speak();
        if (ps = dynamic_cast<Superb *>(pg)) {
            ps->Say();
        }
    }
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}
Grand  *  GetOne()
{
    Grand * p = new Grand();
    switch (std::rand() % 3)
    {
        delete p;
    case 0:p = new Grand(std::rand() % 100); break;
    case 1:p = new Superb(std::rand() % 100); break;
    case 2:p = new Magnificent(std::rand() % 100, std::rand() % 26); break;
    }

    return p;
}
运行结果:
Now Process type class Superb.
I am a superb class !
I hold the superb value of 86!
Now Process type class Grand.
I am a grand class
Now Process type class Superb.
I am a superb class !
I hold the superb value of 48!
Now Process type class Grand.
I am a grand class
Now Process type class Magnificent.
I am a magnificent class !!!!
I hold the character  and the integer 75!
请按任意键继续. . .