stat是非常常用的一个函数,可以获取文件的一些属性,或判断文件的类型。
下面直接取自man 2 stat中的示例代码:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct stat sb;
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <pathname>\n", argv[0]);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (stat(argv[1], &sb) == -1) {
perror("stat");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("File type: ");
switch (sb.st_mode & S_IFMT) {
case S_IFBLK: printf("block device\n"); break;
case S_IFCHR: printf("character device\n"); break;
case S_IFDIR: printf("directory\n"); break;
case S_IFIFO: printf("FIFO/pipe\n"); break;
case S_IFLNK: printf("symlink\n"); break;
case S_IFREG: printf("regular file\n"); break;
case S_IFSOCK: printf("socket\n"); break;
default: printf("unknown?\n"); break;
}
printf("I-node number: %ld\n", (long) sb.st_ino);
printf("Mode: %lo (octal)\n",
(unsigned long) sb.st_mode);
printf("Link count: %ld\n", (long) sb.st_nlink);
printf("Ownership: UID=%ld GID=%ld\n",
(long) sb.st_uid, (long) sb.st_gid);
printf("Preferred I/O block size: %ld bytes\n",
(long) sb.st_blksize);
printf("File size: %lld bytes\n",
(long long) sb.st_size);
printf("Blocks allocated: %lld\n",
(long long) sb.st_blocks);
printf("Last status change: %s", ctime(&sb.st_ctime));
printf("Last file access: %s", ctime(&sb.st_atime));
printf("Last file modification: %s", ctime(&sb.st_mtime));
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
运行结果:
flying-bird@flyingbird:~/examples/cpp/stat$ ./a.out
Usage: ./a.out <pathname>
flying-bird@flyingbird:~/examples/cpp/stat$ ./a.out .
File type: directory
I-node number: 1843188
Mode: 40775 (octal)
Link count: 2
Ownership: UID=1000 GID=1000
Preferred I/O block size: 4096 bytes
File size: 4096 bytes
Blocks allocated: 8
Last status change: Tue May 27 19:44:20 2014
Last file access: Tue May 27 19:44:21 2014
Last file modification: Tue May 27 19:44:20 2014
flying-bird@flyingbird:~/examples/cpp/stat$ ./a.out ./a.out
File type: regular file
I-node number: 1843191
Mode: 100775 (octal)
Link count: 1
Ownership: UID=1000 GID=1000
Preferred I/O block size: 4096 bytes
File size: 7463 bytes
Blocks allocated: 16
Last status change: Tue May 27 19:44:20 2014
Last file access: Tue May 27 19:44:22 2014
Last file modification: Tue May 27 19:44:20 2014
flying-bird@flyingbird:~/examples/cpp/stat$ ll /dev/sd
sda sda1 sda2 sda3 sda5 sda6 sda7 sdb sdb1 sdb2 sdb5 sdb6 sdb7 sdc sdd sde sdf
flying-bird@flyingbird:~/examples/cpp/stat$ ./a.out /dev/sda
File type: block device
I-node number: 6645
Mode: 60660 (octal)
Link count: 1
Ownership: UID=0 GID=6
Preferred I/O block size: 4096 bytes
File size: 0 bytes
Blocks allocated: 0
Last status change: Tue May 27 18:41:12 2014
Last file access: Tue May 27 18:41:13 2014
Last file modification: Tue May 27 18:41:12 2014
flying-bird@flyingbird:~/examples/cpp/stat$ ./a.out /dev/sda5
File type: block device
I-node number: 461
Mode: 60660 (octal)
Link count: 1
Ownership: UID=0 GID=6
Preferred I/O block size: 4096 bytes
File size: 0 bytes
Blocks allocated: 0
Last status change: Tue May 27 18:41:13 2014
Last file access: Tue May 27 18:55:36 2014
Last file modification: Tue May 27 18:41:13 2014
flying-bird@flyingbird:~/examples/cpp/stat$