docker学习- 命令

命令的文档地址

https://docs.docker.com/reference/

帮助命令 

docker 命令 --help

镜像命令

 docker images  查询本地的所有镜像

REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   5 months ago   13.3kB

docker images  --help

Usage:  docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

List images

Options:
  -a, --all            显示所有镜像
      --digests         Show digests
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet          只显示镜像id

docker search 搜索

[root@03 ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11219     [OK]
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4263      [OK]
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   833                  [OK]
percona                           Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati…   548       [OK]
phpmyadmin                        phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M…   288       [OK

docker pull

下载镜像

docker pull mysql 下载最新的

docker rmi 删除镜像

容器命令

新建容器

[root@03 ~]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest

启动容器

docker run [参数] image

参数

--name="name"   容器起名,用来区分容器

-d 后台允许

-p 端口

-it 使用交互命令运行,进入容器查看内容

启动并进入容器

[root@03 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   5 months ago   13.3kB
centos        latest    300e315adb2f   8 months ago   209MB
[root@03 ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@5e12737d6b41 /]#

内部命令

[root@5e12737d6b41 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

exit 退出容器,并关闭容器

[root@5e12737d6b41 /]# exit
exit

 ctrl+p+q 退出容器,不关闭容器 

[root@037dd92a4adb /]# [root@03 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
037dd92a4adb   centos    "/bin/bash"   34 seconds ago   Up 33 seconds             wonderful_jones

查看运行的容器  docker ps

查看运行过的容器  docker ps -a

[root@03 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@03 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
5e12737d6b41   centos        "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Exited (0) 33 seconds ago             festive_hoover
ad57a3a941c2   hello-world   "/hello"      3 hours ago          Exited (0) 3 hours ago                interesting_galois

删除容器

docker rm 容器id  不能删除运行中的容器, 如果需要删除 使用 docker rm -f 容器id

启动和停止容器

docker start 容器id 启动

docker restart 容器id 重启

docker stop 容器id 停止

docker kill 容器id  强制停止

查看日志

docker logs -tf 容器id

docker logs  -tf --tail number 容器id

查看容器中的进程信息

docker top 容器id

[root@03 ~]# docker top 037dd92a4adb
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                10758               10713               0                   13:58               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

查看镜像数据

docker inspect 容器id

[root@03 ~]# docker inspect 037dd92a4adb
[
    {
        "Id": "037dd92a4adbb875028aa060d27b9ea9977c743e108d44a8fae8a5d2ee1a14fe",
        "Created": "2021-08-06T05:58:05.599596719Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 10758,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-08-06T05:58:05.813813369Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/037dd92a4adbb875028aa060d27b9ea9977c743e108d44a8fae8a5d2ee1a14fe/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/037dd92a4adbb875028aa060d27b9ea9977c743e108d44a8fae8a5d2ee1a14fe/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/037dd92a4adbb875028aa060d27b9ea9977c743e108d44a8fae8a5d2ee1a14fe/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/037dd92a4adbb875028aa060d27b9ea9977c743e108d44a8fae8a5d2ee1a14fe/037dd92a4adbb875028aa060d27b9ea9977c743e108d44a8fae8a5d2ee1a14fe-json.log",
        "Name": "/wonderful_jones",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4e820d5472d40b5fd10dc86365399ebcfc8d677a9c559eff6e355e0dc9bf3e5b-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d39ff3c7a106d82616a0692badada6082c35502f183757fec2f915a854a24f60/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4e820d5472d40b5fd10dc86365399ebcfc8d677a9c559eff6e355e0dc9bf3e5b/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4e820d5472d40b5fd10dc86365399ebcfc8d677a9c559eff6e355e0dc9bf3e5b/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4e820d5472d40b5fd10dc86365399ebcfc8d677a9c559eff6e355e0dc9bf3e5b/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "037dd92a4adb",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "b159779e153a1bfab38fbd65fad03071e2851557ceec5d2017ccfb0d3263704e",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/b159779e153a",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "159622724d7ca3de7c35d8af53c6f851236fd70d09cc2c73218ac2cfdf325db7",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "2275aeff0afaa8ccb4fa3e89ed1e69a6d1a9e040309e518d9159c4972e9591f9",
                    "EndpointID": "159622724d7ca3de7c35d8af53c6f851236fd70d09cc2c73218ac2cfdf325db7",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在执行的容器

docker exec -it 容器id bashshell   

docker exec -it 037dd92a4adb /bin/bash

docker attach 容器id

docker attach 037dd92a4adb

docker exec 进入容器,开启一个新的终端

docker attach   进入容器正在执行的终端

从容器内复制文件

docker cp 容器id:容器内文件路径  目标路径

docker cp 037dd92a4adb:/shj.java /

docker cp b0fb259defc7:/home/shj.java /home