Docker 常用命令

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已于 2022-11-01 14:36:17 修改

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分类专栏： docker 文章标签： docker linux

于 2021-10-19 17:36:56 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_48043952/article/details/120726578

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-- docker (xxx) --help    # 帮助命令
-- docker version    # 查看docker版本信息
-- docker info    # 查看docker系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量

帮助文档的地址：Reference documentation | Docker Documentation

镜像命令

docker images # 查看所有本地上主机上的镜像

[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker images    
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   3 weeks ago   13.3kB

# 解释
REPOSITORY ：镜像的仓库源
TAG ：镜像的标签、版本 
IMAGE ID ：镜像的id     
CREATED ：镜像创建的时间
SIZE ：镜像的大小

#可选项
  -a, --all    # 列出所有的镜像
  -q, --quiet  # 只显示镜像的id

docker search xxx # 搜索镜像=docker hub网页搜索

[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11547     [OK]       
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4393      [OK]  

#可选项
--filter=STARS=3000    # 搜索出来的镜像为STARS>3000的

[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11547     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4395      [OK]       
[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11547     [OK]

docker pull xxx # 下载镜像

# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest    # 如果不写tag，默认为最新版
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
b380bbd43752: Pull complete     # 分层下载，docker image的核心 联合文件系统
f23cbf2ecc5d: Pull complete 
30cfc6c29c0a: Pull complete 
b38609286cbe: Pull complete 
8211d9e66cd6: Pull complete 
2313f9eeca4a: Pull complete 
7eb487d00da0: Pull complete 
4d7421c8152e: Pull complete 
77f3d8811a28: Pull complete 
cce755338cba: Pull complete 
69b753046b9f: Pull complete 
b2e64b0ab53c: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:6d7d4524463fe6e2b893ffc2b89543c81dec7ef82fb2020a1b27606666464d87    # 签名，防伪标志
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest    # 真实地址

# 两个命令等价
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest 

# 指定版本下载
[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
b380bbd43752: Already exists     # 分层下载的好处：相同的部分可共用，节省内存
f23cbf2ecc5d: Already exists 
30cfc6c29c0a: Already exists 
b38609286cbe: Already exists 
8211d9e66cd6: Already exists 
2313f9eeca4a: Already exists 
7eb487d00da0: Already exists 
a71aacf913e7: Pull complete 
393153c555df: Pull complete 
06628e2290d7: Pull complete 
ff2ab8dac9ac: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:2db8bfd2656b51ded5d938abcded8d32ec6181a9eae8dfc7ddf87a656ef97e97
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

docker rmi xxx # 删除镜像

docker rmi -f 镜像id   # 删除指定的镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id      # 删除多个镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)    # 删除全部镜像

容器命令

说明：有了镜像才可以创建容器，linux，下载一个centos镜像来测试学习

docker pull centos

docker run xxx # 新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image

# 参数说明
--name="Name"    # 给容器起名字，易于区别tomcat01、tomcat02
-d    # 后台方式运行
-it    # 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p    # 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
    -P    # ip:主机端口:容器端口
    -p    # 主机端口:容器端口（常用）
    -p    # 容器端口
    容器端口    # 直接容器端口可可以实现
-P    # 随机指定端口

# 测试：启动并进入容器
[root@qiaoyanjie /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@26e38027c294 /]# ls    # 查看容器内的centos
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

# 从容器中退出主机
[root@26e38027c294 /]# exit
exit
[root@qiaoyanjie /]# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

docker ps # 列出运行中的容器

docker ps    # 列出当前正在运行的容器

# 可选项
-a    # 列出正在运行的容器 + 带出历史运行的容器
-n    # 显示最近运行的容器
-q    # 只显示容器的编号

[root@qiaoyanjie /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@qiaoyanjie /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
26e38027c294   centos         "/bin/bash"   2 minutes ago   Exited (0) 2 minutes ago             eloquent_chebyshev
2f3769615f44   centos         "/bin/bash"   5 minutes ago   Exited (0) 2 minutes ago             stupefied_carver
ad228f231f80   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"      7 days ago      Exited (0) 7 days ago                amazing_meninsky
[root@qiaoyanjie /]# docker ps -a -n=1
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
26e38027c294   centos    "/bin/bash"   7 minutes ago   Exited (0) 6 minutes ago             eloquent_chebyshev
[root@qiaoyanjie /]# docker ps -aq
26e38027c294
2f3769615f44
ad228f231f80

exit # 退出容器

exit    # 直接容器停止并退出
ctrl + P + Q    # 容器不停止退出

[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@ca2a254cd0ea /]# [root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker ps    # 退出仍运行
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
ca2a254cd0ea   centos    "/bin/bash"   15 seconds ago   Up 14 seconds             zealous_goldberg
[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash    # 又创建了一个新的容器
[root@70291682986a /]# [root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
70291682986a   centos    "/bin/bash"   13 seconds ago   Up 12 seconds             happy_keller
ca2a254cd0ea   centos    "/bin/bash"   36 seconds ago   Up 35 seconds             zealous_goldberg

docker rm xxx # 删除容器

docker rm 容器id    # 删除指定容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker pa -aq)    # 删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm    # 删除所有容器

启动和停止容器

docker start 容器id    # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id    # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id    # 停止当前正在运行容器
docker kill 容器id    # 强制停止当前正在运行的容器

常用的其他命令

docker run -d xxx # 后台启动容器

docker run -d 镜像名    # 通过镜像启动容器，start无效

# 问题：docker ps 发现 centos 停止了
# 原因：docker 容器使用后台运行，必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有前台应用（-it就有前台了），就会会自动停止

[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@82cc433f5fd8 /]# exit
exit
[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
82cc433f5fd8   centos    "/bin/bash"   13 seconds ago   Exited (0) 3 seconds ago             vigilant_ptolemy
[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker start 82cc433f5fd8
82cc433f5fd8
[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
82cc433f5fd8   centos    "/bin/bash"   29 seconds ago   Up 2 seconds             vigilant_ptolemy
[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker run -d centos
d9cb0ae9ee138e9a51fae4660d9026b3259c44d188cc7f57c5a8219dd689f589
[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                    PORTS     NAMES
d9cb0ae9ee13   centos    "/bin/bash"   2 seconds ago    Exited (0) 1 second ago             youthful_hopper
82cc433f5fd8   centos    "/bin/bash"   40 seconds ago   Up 14 seconds                       vigilant_ptolemy
[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker start d9cb0ae9ee13
d9cb0ae9ee13
[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
d9cb0ae9ee13   centos    "/bin/bash"   19 seconds ago   Exited (0) 2 seconds ago             youthful_hopper
82cc433f5fd8   centos    "/bin/bash"   57 seconds ago   Up 30 seconds                        vigilant_ptolemy
[root@qiaoyanjie ~]#

docker logs xxx # 查看日志

docker logs 容器id    # 查看容器日志，没有日志

# 可选项
-t    # 显示时间戳
-f    # 动态加载日志
--tail number    # 显示日志的条数

# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo Joe;sleep 1;done"    # bin/sh 也可以
a30438b045f1d80a14d30d033baea0fc69cab939a9a5fa534bd865bcee1abda7
[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
a30438b045f1   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   2 seconds ago   Up 2 seconds             amazing_buck    # 刚创建的
82cc433f5fd8   centos    "/bin/bash"              2 hours ago     Up 2 hours               vigilant_ptolemy

[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker logs  a30438b045f1
Joe
Joe
[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker logs -t a30438b045f1     # 带时间
2021-10-20T08:56:41.240948211Z Joe
2021-10-20T08:56:42.243257222Z Joe

docker top xxx # 查看容器内的进程信息

docker top 容器id    

[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker top a30438b045f1
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                17739               17721               0                   16:50               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/bash -c while true;do echo Joe;sleep 1;done
root                18652               17739               0                   17:04               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

# PID是容器内进程在宿主机上的pid，ppid是容器内进程在宿主机上的父进程pid

docker inspect xxx # 查看容器的元数据

[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker inspect a30438b045f1
[
    {
        "Id": "a30438b045f1d80a14d30d033baea0fc69cab939a9a5fa534bd865bcee1abda7",
        "Created": "2021-10-20T08:50:25.15200104Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",    # 创建的时候 /bin/bash，若sh则sh
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo Joe;sleep 1;done"    # 自编的脚本
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 17739,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-10-20T08:50:25.444862936Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",    # 来自的镜像id
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a30438b045f1d80a14d30d033baea0fc69cab939a9a5fa534bd865bcee1abda7/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a30438b045f1d80a14d30d033baea0fc69cab939a9a5fa534bd865bcee1abda7/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a30438b045f1d80a14d30d033baea0fc69cab939a9a5fa534bd865bcee1abda7/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a30438b045f1d80a14d30d033baea0fc69cab939a9a5fa534bd865bcee1abda7/a30438b045f1d80a14d30d033baea0fc69cab939a9a5fa534bd865bcee1abda7-json.log",
        "Name": "/amazing_buck",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/be146ec9cd9d3b5a5c71e1001e35dc748d044da4eede111fab36f902f21609d5-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5725c19f46135675b2ae4c9d0e93a507a2f9ac2e9c7a48349808100c1040840b/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/be146ec9cd9d3b5a5c71e1001e35dc748d044da4eede111fab36f902f21609d5/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/be146ec9cd9d3b5a5c71e1001e35dc748d044da4eede111fab36f902f21609d5/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/be146ec9cd9d3b5a5c71e1001e35dc748d044da4eede111fab36f902f21609d5/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "a30438b045f1",    # 默认的容器id
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo Joe;sleep 1;done"    # 自编的脚本
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "2bd64783cc635209cb8403e4d43240e0ec33a4d431856a852564a1bad20cc990",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/2bd64783cc63",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "17ec582d5b5078f038cab86b5c9cfdb95cdae169d4cd261c94cba3b8de1e82d4",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "442a3bd56628afebf114f132b2e48df233fd657542ee83b0632559176f73bdf1",
                    "EndpointID": "17ec582d5b5078f038cab86b5c9cfdb95cdae169d4cd261c94cba3b8de1e82d4",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

docker exec -it 容器id bin/bash # 进入当前正在运行的容器

docker attach 容器id # 进入当前正在运行的容器

容器通常都是在后台运行的，我们需要进入容易，修改一些配置

# 方式一：docker exec -it 容器id bashshell(bin/bash;bin/sh;bash;sh)

[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED      STATUS      PORTS     NAMES
a30438b045f1   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   4 days ago   Up 4 days             amazing_buck
82cc433f5fd8   centos    "/bin/bash"              5 days ago   Up 5 days             vigilant_ptolemy
[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker exec -it a30438b045f1 bin/bash
[root@a30438b045f1 /]# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 Oct20 ?        00:01:59 /bin/bash -c while true;do echo Joe;sleep 1;done
root       738     0  0 06:31 pts/0    00:00:00 bin/bash
root       758     1  0 06:31 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root       759   738  0 06:31 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@a30438b045f1 /]# exit
exit

# 方式二：docker attach 容器id 

[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED      STATUS      PORTS     NAMES
a30438b045f1   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   4 days ago   Up 4 days             amazing_buck
82cc433f5fd8   centos    "/bin/bash"              5 days ago   Up 5 days             vigilant_ptolemy
[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker attach a30438b045f1     # 正在执行当前的代码
Joe
Joe
Joe
Joe


# docker exec  进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用），退出容器终端时，不会导致容器的停止。
# docker attach  进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程，退出容器时，会导致容器的停止。

docker cp 容器id:容器内路径目的的主机路径 # 从容器内拷贝文件到主机

[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED      STATUS      PORTS     NAMES
a30438b045f1   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while…"   4 days ago   Up 4 days             amazing_buck
82cc433f5fd8   centos    "/bin/bash"              5 days ago   Up 5 days             vigilant_ptolemy
[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker exec -it a30438b045f1 bash    # 进容器
[root@a30438b045f1 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@a30438b045f1 /]# touch Joe.java    # 建文件
[root@a30438b045f1 /]# ls
Joe.java  bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt	proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

# 拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术，可以实现容器和容器打通
[root@a30438b045f1 /]# pwd    # 查看目前路径                
/
[root@a30438b045f1 /]# docker cp a30438b045f1:/Joe.java ~    # 容器内不可操作
bash: docker: command not found
[root@a30438b045f1 /]# exit
exit
[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker cp a30438b045f1:/Joe.java ~    # 退出容器拷贝
[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 25 14:51 Joe.java

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Docker 常用命令

-- docker (xxx) --help # 帮助命令-- docker version # 查看docker版本信息-- docker info # 查看docker系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量帮助文档的地址：Reference documentation | Docker Documentation镜像命令docker images # 查看所有本地上主机上的镜像[root@qiaoyanjie ~]# docker images ...
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