2.1

 
;构建有理数
(define (make-rat n d)
  (let ((g (gcd (abs n) (abs d))))
    (if (< (* n d) 0)
        (cons (- 0 (abs (/ n g))) (abs (/ d g)))
        (cons (abs (/ n g)) (abs (/ d g))))))

;取得分子
(define (numer x) (car x))

;取得分母
(define (denom x) (cdr x))

;有理数之间的运算
(define (add-rat x y)
  (make-rat (+ (* (numer x) (denom y))
               (* (numer y) (denom x)))
            (* (denom x) (denom y))))

(define (sub-rat x y)
  (make-rat (- (* (numer x) (denom y))
               (* (numer y) (denom x)))
            (* (denom x) (denom y))))

(define (mul-rat x y)
  (make-rat (* (numer x) (numer y))
            (* (denom x) (denom y))))

(define (div-rat x y)
  (make-rat (* (numer x) (denom y))
            (* (denom x) (numer y))))

(define (equal-rat? x y)
  (= (* (numer x) (denom y))
     (* (numer y) (denom x))))