这里的线程是指下载的通道(和操作系统中的线程不一样),一个线程就是一个文件的下载通道,多线程也就是同时开起好几个下载通道.当服务器提供下载服务时,使用下载者是共享带宽的,在优先级相同的情况下,总服务器会对总下载线程进行平均分配。不难理解,如果你线程多的话,那下载的越快。现流行的下载软件都支持多线程。
思路:
1:用阻塞的方式获取目标地址的HTTP头部,得到目标文件的大小。
2:算出每段文件的开始点,结尾点,并分别向目标地址发出请求。
3:每次目标地址有数据返回,都将得到的数据写入文件。
思路:
1:用阻塞的方式获取目标地址的HTTP头部,得到目标文件的大小。
2:算出每段文件的开始点,结尾点,并分别向目标地址发出请求。
3:每次目标地址有数据返回,都将得到的数据写入文件。
4:等待各段文件下载结果。
运行截图:
源代码:
#include <QtCore>
#include <QtNetwork>
//多线程下载的线程数
const int PointCount = 5;
//目标文件的地址(千千静听的下载地址,我用来做实验的)
const QString strUrl = "http://ttplayer.qianqian.com/otherdown/alladin/ttpsetup_5713.exe";
//用于下载文件(或文件的一部分)
class Download : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
private:
QNetworkAccessManager m_Qnam;
QNetworkReply *m_Reply;
QFile *m_File;
const int m_Index;
qint64 m_HaveDoneBytes;
qint64 m_StartPoint;
qint64 m_EndPoint;
public:
Download(int index, QObject *parent = 0);
void StartDownload(const QUrl &url, QFile *file,
qint64 startPoint=0, qint64 endPoint=-1);
signals:
void DownloadFinished();
public slots:
void FinishedSlot();
void HttpReadyRead();
};
//用于管理文件的下载
class DownloadControl : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
private:
int m_DownloadCount;
int m_FinishedNum;
int m_FileSize;
QUrl m_Url;
QFile *m_File;
public:
DownloadControl(QObject *parent = 0);
void StartFileDownload(const QString &url, int count);
qint64 GetFileSize(QUrl url);
signals:
void FileDownloadFinished();
private slots:
void SubPartFinished();
};
Download::Download(int index, QObject *parent)
: QObject(parent), m_Index(index)
{
m_HaveDoneBytes = 0;
m_StartPoint = 0;
m_EndPoint = 0;
m_File = NULL;
}
void Download::StartDownload(const QUrl &url,
QFile *file,
qint64 startPoint/* =0 */,
qint64 endPoint/* =-1 */)
{
if( NULL == file )
return;
m_HaveDoneBytes = 0;
m_StartPoint = startPoint;
m_EndPoint = endPoint;
m_File = file;
//根据HTTP协议,写入RANGE头部,说明请求文件的范围
QNetworkRequest qheader;
qheader.setUrl(url);
QString range;
range.sprintf("Bytes=%lld-%lld", m_StartPoint, m_EndPoint);
qheader.setRawHeader("Range", range.toAscii());
//开始下载
qDebug() << "Part " << m_Index << " start download";
m_Reply = m_Qnam.get(QNetworkRequest(qheader));
connect(m_Reply, SIGNAL(finished()),
this, SLOT(FinishedSlot()));
connect(m_Reply, SIGNAL(readyRead()),
this, SLOT(HttpReadyRead()));
}
//下载结束
void Download::FinishedSlot()
{
m_File->flush();
m_Reply->deleteLater();
m_Reply = 0;
m_File = 0;
qDebug() << "Part " << m_Index << " download finished";
emit DownloadFinished();
}
void Download::HttpReadyRead()
{
if ( !m_File )
return;
//将读到的信息写入文件
QByteArray buffer = m_Reply->readAll();
m_File->seek( m_StartPoint + m_HaveDoneBytes );
m_File->write(buffer);
m_HaveDoneBytes += buffer.size();
}
//用阻塞的方式获取下载文件的长度
qint64 DownloadControl::GetFileSize(QUrl url)
{
QNetworkAccessManager manager;
qDebug() << "Getting the file size...";
QEventLoop loop;
//发出请求,获取目标地址的头部信息
QNetworkReply *reply = manager.head(QNetworkRequest(url));
QObject::connect(reply, SIGNAL(finished()), &loop, SLOT(quit()), Qt::DirectConnection);
loop.exec();
QVariant var = reply->header(QNetworkRequest::ContentLengthHeader);
reply->deleteLater();
qint64 size = var.toLongLong();
qDebug() << "The file size is: " << size;
return size;
}
DownloadControl::DownloadControl(QObject *parent)
: QObject(parent)
{
m_DownloadCount = 0;
m_FinishedNum = 0;
m_FileSize = 0;
m_File = new QFile;
}
void DownloadControl::StartFileDownload(const QString &url, int count)
{
m_DownloadCount = count;
m_FinishedNum = 0;
m_Url = QUrl(url);
m_FileSize = GetFileSize(m_Url);
//先获得文件的名字
QFileInfo fileInfo(m_Url.path());
QString fileName = fileInfo.fileName();
if (fileName.isEmpty())
fileName = "index.html";
m_File->setFileName(fileName);
//打开文件
m_File->open(QIODevice::WriteOnly);
Download *tempDownload;
//将文件分成PointCount段,用异步的方式下载
qDebug() << "Start download file from " << strUrl;
for(int i=0; i<m_DownloadCount; i++)
{
//先算出每段的开头和结尾(HTTP协议所需要的信息)
int start = m_FileSize * i / m_DownloadCount;
int end = m_FileSize * (i+1) / m_DownloadCount;
if( i != 0 )
start--;
//分段下载该文件
tempDownload = new Download(i+1, this);
connect(tempDownload, SIGNAL(DownloadFinished()),
this, SLOT(SubPartFinished()));
connect(tempDownload, SIGNAL(DownloadFinished()),
tempDownload, SLOT(deleteLater()));
tempDownload->StartDownload(m_Url, m_File, start, end);
}
}
void DownloadControl::SubPartFinished()
{
m_FinishedNum++;
//如果完成数等于文件段数,则说明文件下载完毕,关闭文件,发生信号
if( m_FinishedNum == m_DownloadCount )
{
m_File->close();
emit FileDownloadFinished();
qDebug() << "Download finished";
}
}
#include "main.moc"
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
QCoreApplication app(argc, argv);
//用阻塞的方式下载文件,完成后退出
DownloadControl *control = new DownloadControl;
QEventLoop loop;
QObject::connect(control, SIGNAL(FileDownloadFinished()),
&loop, SLOT(quit()));
control->StartFileDownload(strUrl, PointCount);
loop.exec();
control->deleteLater();
return 0;
}