QT：多线程下载文件

这里的线程是指下载的通道（和操作系统中的线程不一样），一个线程就是一个文件的下载通道，多线程也就是同时开起好几个下载通道.当服务器提供下载服务时，使用下载者是共享带宽的，在优先级相同的情况下，总服务器会对总下载线程进行平均分配。不难理解，如果你线程多的话，那下载的越快。现流行的下载软件都支持多线程。


思路：
1：用阻塞的方式获取目标地址的HTTP头部，得到目标文件的大小。
2：算出每段文件的开始点，结尾点，并分别向目标地址发出请求。
3：每次目标地址有数据返回，都将得到的数据写入文件。

4：等待各段文件下载结果。

运行截图：

源代码：

#include <QtCore>  
#include <QtNetwork>  

//多线程下载的线程数  
const int PointCount = 5;  
//目标文件的地址（千千静听的下载地址，我用来做实验的）  
const QString strUrl = "http://ttplayer.qianqian.com/otherdown/alladin/ttpsetup_5713.exe";  

//用于下载文件（或文件的一部分）  
class Download : public QObject  
{  
	Q_OBJECT  
private:  
	QNetworkAccessManager m_Qnam;  
	QNetworkReply *m_Reply;  
	QFile *m_File;  

	const int m_Index;  
	qint64 m_HaveDoneBytes;  
	qint64 m_StartPoint;  
	qint64 m_EndPoint;  

public:  
	Download(int index, QObject *parent = 0);  
	void StartDownload(const QUrl &url, QFile *file,   
		qint64 startPoint=0, qint64 endPoint=-1);   
signals:  
	void DownloadFinished();  

	public slots:  
		void FinishedSlot();  
		void HttpReadyRead();  
};  

//用于管理文件的下载  
class DownloadControl : public QObject  
{  
	Q_OBJECT  
private:  
	int m_DownloadCount;  
	int m_FinishedNum;  
	int m_FileSize;  
	QUrl m_Url;  
	QFile *m_File;  
public:  
	DownloadControl(QObject *parent = 0);  
	void StartFileDownload(const QString &url, int count);  
	qint64 GetFileSize(QUrl url);  
signals:  
	void FileDownloadFinished();  
	private slots:  
		void SubPartFinished();  
};  

Download::Download(int index, QObject *parent)  
: QObject(parent), m_Index(index)  
{  
	m_HaveDoneBytes = 0;  
	m_StartPoint = 0;  
	m_EndPoint = 0;  
	m_File = NULL;  
}  

void Download::StartDownload(const QUrl &url,   
							 QFile *file,  
							 qint64 startPoint/* =0 */,  
							 qint64 endPoint/* =-1 */)  
{  
	if( NULL == file )  
		return;  

	m_HaveDoneBytes = 0;  
	m_StartPoint = startPoint;  
	m_EndPoint = endPoint;  
	m_File = file;  

	//根据HTTP协议，写入RANGE头部，说明请求文件的范围  
	QNetworkRequest qheader;  
	qheader.setUrl(url);  
	QString range;  
	range.sprintf("Bytes=%lld-%lld", m_StartPoint, m_EndPoint);  
	qheader.setRawHeader("Range", range.toAscii());  

	//开始下载  
	qDebug() << "Part " << m_Index << " start download";  
	m_Reply = m_Qnam.get(QNetworkRequest(qheader));  
	connect(m_Reply, SIGNAL(finished()),  
		this, SLOT(FinishedSlot()));  
	connect(m_Reply, SIGNAL(readyRead()),  
		this, SLOT(HttpReadyRead()));  
}  

//下载结束  
void Download::FinishedSlot()  
{  
	m_File->flush();  
	m_Reply->deleteLater();  
	m_Reply = 0;  
	m_File = 0;  
	qDebug() << "Part " << m_Index << " download finished";  
	emit DownloadFinished();  
}  

void Download::HttpReadyRead()  
{  
	if ( !m_File )  
		return;  

	//将读到的信息写入文件  
	QByteArray buffer = m_Reply->readAll();  
	m_File->seek( m_StartPoint + m_HaveDoneBytes );  
	m_File->write(buffer);  
	m_HaveDoneBytes += buffer.size();  
}  

//用阻塞的方式获取下载文件的长度  
qint64 DownloadControl::GetFileSize(QUrl url)  
{  
	QNetworkAccessManager manager;  
	qDebug() << "Getting the file size...";  
	QEventLoop loop;  
	//发出请求，获取目标地址的头部信息  
	QNetworkReply *reply = manager.head(QNetworkRequest(url));  
	QObject::connect(reply, SIGNAL(finished()), &loop, SLOT(quit()), Qt::DirectConnection);  
	loop.exec();  
	QVariant var = reply->header(QNetworkRequest::ContentLengthHeader);  
	reply->deleteLater(); 
	qint64 size = var.toLongLong();  
	qDebug() << "The file size is: " << size;  
	return size;  
}  

DownloadControl::DownloadControl(QObject *parent)  
: QObject(parent)  
{  
	m_DownloadCount = 0;  
	m_FinishedNum = 0;  
	m_FileSize = 0;  
	m_File = new QFile;  
}  

void DownloadControl::StartFileDownload(const QString &url, int count)  
{  
	m_DownloadCount = count;  
	m_FinishedNum = 0;  
	m_Url = QUrl(url);  
	m_FileSize = GetFileSize(m_Url);  
	//先获得文件的名字  
	QFileInfo fileInfo(m_Url.path());  
	QString fileName = fileInfo.fileName();  
	if (fileName.isEmpty())  
		fileName = "index.html";  

	m_File->setFileName(fileName);  
	//打开文件  
	m_File->open(QIODevice::WriteOnly);  
	Download *tempDownload;  

	//将文件分成PointCount段，用异步的方式下载  
	qDebug() << "Start download file from " << strUrl;  
	for(int i=0; i<m_DownloadCount; i++)  
	{  
		//先算出每段的开头和结尾（HTTP协议所需要的信息）  
		int start = m_FileSize * i / m_DownloadCount;  
		int end = m_FileSize * (i+1) / m_DownloadCount;  
		if( i != 0 )  
			start--;  

		//分段下载该文件  
		tempDownload = new Download(i+1, this);  
		connect(tempDownload, SIGNAL(DownloadFinished()),   
			this, SLOT(SubPartFinished()));  
		connect(tempDownload, SIGNAL(DownloadFinished()),   
			tempDownload, SLOT(deleteLater()));  
		tempDownload->StartDownload(m_Url, m_File, start, end);  
	}  
}  

void DownloadControl::SubPartFinished()  
{  
	m_FinishedNum++;  
	//如果完成数等于文件段数，则说明文件下载完毕，关闭文件，发生信号  
	if( m_FinishedNum == m_DownloadCount )  
	{  
		m_File->close();  
		emit FileDownloadFinished();  
		qDebug() << "Download finished";  
	}  
}  

#include "main.moc"  

int main(int argc, char **argv)  
{  
	QCoreApplication app(argc, argv);  
	//用阻塞的方式下载文件，完成后退出  
	DownloadControl *control = new DownloadControl;  
	QEventLoop loop;  
	QObject::connect(control, SIGNAL(FileDownloadFinished()),   
		&loop, SLOT(quit()));  
	control->StartFileDownload(strUrl, PointCount);  
	loop.exec();  
	control->deleteLater();
	return 0;  
}