昨天在Redhat6.2(64 bit)上安装oracle 11.2.0.1.0 client(32 bit)，以下是安装中碰到的一些问题及处理过程记录
首先解压缩安装包，会生成一个client目录,运行runInstaller时报错，错误如下:
[oracle@Ptyjkweb oracle]$ ls -l
total 627612
drwxr-xr-x. 6 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 19 2009 client
-rwxrwxr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 642016988 Jul 7 14:53 linux_11gR2_client.zip
drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 16384 Jul 7 11:01 lost+found
[oracle@Ptyjkweb oracle]$ cd client/
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client]$ ls -l
total 28
drwxr-xr-x. 8 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 17 2009 doc
drwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14 2009 install
drwxrwxr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14 2009 response
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 4356 Aug 14 2009 runInstaller
drwxr-xr-x. 14 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14 2009 stage
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 3891 Aug 18 2009 welcome.html
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client]$ ./runInstaller
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 80 MB. Actual 11574 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 8191 MB Passed
Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors. Actual 16777216 Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-07-07_02-55-47PM. Please wait ...[oracle@Ptyjkweb client]$ Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /tmp/OraInstall2015-07-07_02-55-47PM/jdk/jre/lib/i386/xawt/libmawt.so: libXext.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:1751)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:1647)
at java.lang.Runtime.load0(Runtime.java:769)
at java.lang.System.load(System.java:968)
at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:1751)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:1668)
at java.lang.Runtime.loadLibrary0(Runtime.java:822)
at java.lang.System.loadLibrary(System.java:993)
at sun.security.action.LoadLibraryAction.run(LoadLibraryAction.java:50)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.awt.Toolkit.loadLibraries(Toolkit.java:1509)
at java.awt.Toolkit.<clinit>(Toolkit.java:1530)
at com.jgoodies.looks.LookUtils.isLowResolution(Unknown Source)
at com.jgoodies.looks.LookUtils.<clinit>(Unknown Source)
at com.jgoodies.looks.plastic.PlasticLookAndFeel.<clinit>(PlasticLookAndFeel.java:122)
at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:242)
at javax.swing.SwingUtilities.loadSystemClass(SwingUtilities.java:1783)
at javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.java:480)
at oracle.install.commons.util.Application.startup(Application.java:758)
at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:164)
at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:181)
at oracle.install.commons.base.driver.common.Installer.startup(Installer.java:265)
at oracle.install.ivw.client.driver.ClientInstaller.startup(ClientInstaller.java:85)
at oracle.install.ivw.client.driver.ClientInstaller.main(ClientInstaller.java:95)
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client]$ cd /tmp/OraInstall2015-07-07_04-07-33PM/jdk/jre/lib/i386/xawt
[oracle@Ptyjkweb xawt]$ ls -l
total 3276
-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall 3149094 May 6 2009 libmawt_g.so
-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall 200888 May 6 2009 libmawt.so
[oracle@Ptyjkweb xawt]$ rpm -qa|grep libXext
libXext-devel-1.1-3.el6.x86_64
libXext-1.1-3.el6.x86_64
可以看到libmawt.so是有的，由于操作系统是64位的，之前也装了64位的libXert包，但是仍然报找不到libXext.so.6
[root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -ivh libXext-1.1-3.el6.i686
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:libXext ########################################### [100%]
[root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -ivh libXext-devel-1.1-3.el6.i686
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:libXext-devel ########################################### [100%]
[oracle@Ptyjkweb ~]# rpm -qa|grep libXext
libXext-devel-1.1-3.el6.i686
libXext-devel-1.1-3.el6.x86_64
libXext-1.1-3.el6.x86_64
libXext-1.1-3.el6.i686
最后将32位的libXext包也安装上才得以解决，并顺利进入图形界面
在图形界面中报了一个OS内核设置错误，可以以root运行runfixup.sh脚本自动修复，pdksh-5.2.14这个包可以忽略，Swap Size也可以忽略
[root@Ptyjkweb ~]# /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/runfixup.sh
Response file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/fixup.response
Enable file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/fixup.enable
Log file location: /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/orarun.log
Setting Kernel Parameters...
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
然后根据提示执行orainstRoot.sh脚本赋予目录权限
[root@Ptyjkweb ~]# /oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /oracle/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
添加环境变量时注意，由于之前安装的是InstantClient模式，所以在ORACLE_HOME中并没有bin目录和lib目录，因此指定PATH的时候是$ORACLE_HOME而不是$ORACLE_HOME/bin,以及LD_LIBRARY_PATH是$ORACLE_HOME，而不是$ORACLE_HOME/lib
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ vi ~/.bash_profile
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/client_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME:$PATH
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ source ~/.bash_profile
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libsqlplus.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[oracle@Ptyjkweb ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ ls -l
total 145060
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 21865 Aug 13 2009 adrci
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul 8 09:50 cfgtoollogs
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul 8 09:49 install
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 37 Jul 8 09:49 install.platform
drwxrwx---. 13 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul 8 09:49 inventory
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 40088477 Aug 13 2009 libclntsh.so.11.1
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 11227 Jul 31 2009 libheteroxa11.so
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 6986848 Aug 2 2009 libnnz11.so
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1879549 Aug 13 2009 libocci.so.11.1
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 89377610 Aug 13 2009 libociei.so
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 152304 Jul 31 2009 libocijdbc11.so
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1501651 Aug 1 2009 libsqlplusic.so
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1218075 Aug 1 2009 libsqlplus.so
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 777979 Aug 13 2009 libsqora.so.11.1
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul 8 09:49 light
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul 8 09:49 odbc
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1996228 Jul 31 2009 ojdbc5.jar
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 2111220 Jul 31 2009 ojdbc6.jar
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1656280 Aug 2 2009 orai18n.jar
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 82983 Aug 2 2009 orai18n-mapping.jar
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 55 Jul 8 09:48 oraInst.loc
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 6909 Aug 1 2009 sqlplus
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 377507 Aug 13 2009 wrc
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 37807 Aug 13 2009 xstreams.jar
此处如果提示找不到libsqlplus.so文件，并不是因为缺少包，而是因为没有指定LD_LIBRARY_PATH环境变量，或是指定错了位置（指定到了$ORALCE_HOME/lib下）
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ ldd sqlplus
linux-gate.so.1 => (0x00322000)
libsqlplus.so => not found
libclntsh.so.11.1 => not found
libnnz11.so => not found
libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00bd3000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x00147000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x0021f000)
libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x00110000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00745000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00476000)
libaio.so.1 => not found
此时会发现有4个库文件为“not found”状态，而一旦LD_LIBRARY_PATH环境变量配置正确，上面3个库文件就会链接正常，如下：
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[oracle@Ptyjkweb logs]$ which sqlplus
/oracle/client_1/sqlplus
[oracle@Ptyjkweb logs]$ cd /oracle/client_1/
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ ldd sqlplus
linux-gate.so.1 => (0x00322000)
libsqlplus.so => /oracle/client_1/libsqlplus.so (0x003ac000)
libclntsh.so.11.1 => /oracle/client_1/libclntsh.so.11.1 (0xf5a23000)
libnnz11.so => /oracle/client_1/libnnz11.so (0x004f8000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00bd3000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x00147000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x0021f000)
libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x00110000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00745000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00476000)
libaio.so.1 => not found
现在只剩下libio.so.1这个库文件无法正常链接，其实也是因为缺少安装包，目前也仅安装了64位的包
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}.%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n" | grep libaio
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64
曾尝试直接从别的11g库(64 bit)中将libaio.so.1文件拷贝到/oracle/client_1目录下，执行sqlplus时会报以下错误：
sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS64
[root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# pwd
/mnt/Server/Packages
[root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# ls -l |grep libaio
-r--r--r--. 201 root root 21664 Aug 17 2010 libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm
-r--r--r--. 149 root root 21752 Aug 17 2010 libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm
-r--r--r--. 173 root root 13580 Aug 17 2010 libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm
-r--r--r--. 128 root root 13516 Aug 17 2010 libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:libaio ########################################### [100%]
[root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:libaio-devel ########################################### [100%]
[root@Ptyjkweb Packages]# rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}.%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n" | grep libaio
libaio-0.3.107.10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-devel-0.3.107.10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.107.10.el6 (i686)
libaio-devel-0.3.107.10.el6 (i686)
[oracle@Ptyjkweb ~]$ ldd `which sqlplus`
linux-gate.so.1 => (0x00747000)
libsqlplus.so => /oracle/client_1/libsqlplus.so (0x002c0000)
libclntsh.so.11.1 => /oracle/client_1/libclntsh.so.11.1 (0xf5a31000)
libnnz11.so => /oracle/client_1/libnnz11.so (0x00c35000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00f51000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x00110000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x0013a000)
libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x00a62000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00498000)
libaio.so.1 => /lib/libaio.so.1 (0x009b0000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00476000)
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 8 13:53:30 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12162: TNS:net service name is incorrectly specified
Enter user-name:
这是由于还未配置tnsnames.ora，使用/nolog登陆就不会报错
[oracle@Ptyjkweb client_1]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Jul 8 13:56:19 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL>
至此，Oracle 11g客户端顺利安装完毕，整个过程可以发现，出现的一些问题主要还是由于缺少安装包造成的，当然，环境变量配置不当也是一部分原因。
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