Linux+Oracle11gR2手动创建数据库及数据库启动过程(一)startup nomount
1.设置环境变量
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle
exportORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
2.安装完oracle11gR2软件后,ORACLE_BASE下已经创建了3000多个目录
[oracle@rac11g ~]$ du /oracle/app |wc
3184 6368 277051
有3个主目录:
[oracle@rac11g ~]$ ls -l $ORACLE_BASE
total 12
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul 22 16:52 checkpoints
drwxrwxr-x. 11 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul 2216:50 diag
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul 22 16:44 product
在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs下面已经有一个默认的init.ora文件,包含一些默认参数。
[oracle@rac11g dbs]$ more init.ora |grep -v"#"
db_name='ORCL'
memory_target=1G
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/admin/orcl/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/flash_recovery_area'
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>'
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP)(SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
open_cursors=300
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
control_files = (ora_control1,ora_control2)
compatible ='11.2.0'
此时共享内存是空的
[oracle@rac11g app]$ ipcs -a
------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key shmid owner perms bytes nattch status
------ Semaphore Arrays --------
key semid owner perms nsems
------ Message Queues --------
key msqid owner perms used-bytes messages
3.重写pfile文件并启动数据库
[oracle@rac11g dbs]$ rm init.ora
--pfile文件中只填入一个dbname就可以启动到