关于epoll的两种工作模式:LT(Level Trigger,电平触发)模式、ET (Edge Trigger,边沿触发) 模式。
- 采用 LT 工作模式的文件描述符,当 epoll_wait 检测到其上有事件发生并将此事件通知应用程序后,应用程序可以不立即处理该事件。当应用程序下一次再调用epoll_wait时,epoll_wait 还会再次向应用程序通告此事件。
- ET 模式下,当 epoll_wait 检测到事件后立即通知应用程序,应用程序必须立即处理该事件。
ET模式在很大程度上降低了同一个 epoll 事件被重复触发的次数。
用以下代码测试 LT、ET在工作方式上的差异。
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#define MAX_EVENT_NUMBER 1024
#define BUFFER_SIZE 10
// 将文件描述符设置成非阻塞的
int setnonblocking( int fd )
{
int old_option = fcntl( fd, F_GETFL );
int new_option = old_option | O_NONBLOCK;
fcntl( fd, F_SETFL, new_option );
return old_option;
}
// enable_et 参数指定是否对fd启用ET模式
void addfd( int epollfd, int fd, bool enable_et )
{
epoll_event event;
event.data.fd = fd;
event.events = EPOLLIN;
if( enable_et )
{
event.events |= EPOLLET;
}
epoll_ctl( epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &event );
setnonblocking( fd );
}
void lt( epoll_event* events, int number, int epollfd, int listenfd )
{
char buf[ BUFFER_SIZE ];
for ( int i = 0; i < number; i++ )
{
int sockfd = events[i].data.fd;
if ( sockfd == listenfd )
{
struct sockaddr_in client_address;
socklen_t client_addrlength = sizeof( client_address );
int connfd = accept( listenfd, ( struct sockaddr* )&client_address, &client_addrlength );
addfd( epollfd, connfd, false );
}
else if ( events[i].events & EPOLLIN )
{
// 只要socket 读缓存中还有未读出的数据,这段代码就被触发
printf( "event trigger once\n" );
memset( buf, '\0', BUFFER_SIZE );
int ret = recv( sockfd, buf, BUFFER_SIZE-1, 0 );
if( ret <= 0 )
{
close( sockfd );
continue;
}
printf( "get %d bytes of content: %s\n", ret, buf );
}
else
{
printf( "something else happened \n" );
}
}
}
void et( epoll_event* events, int number, int epollfd, int listenfd )
{
char buf[ BUFFER_SIZE ];
for ( int i = 0; i < number; i++ )
{
int sockfd = events[i].data.fd;
if ( sockfd == listenfd )
{
struct sockaddr_in client_address;
socklen_t client_addrlength = sizeof( client_address );
int connfd = accept( listenfd, ( struct sockaddr* )&client_address, &client_addrlength );
addfd( epollfd, connfd, true ); // 对 connfd 开启 ET模式
}
// 不会被重复触发,循环读取数据
else if ( events[i].events & EPOLLIN )
{
printf( "event trigger once\n" );
while( 1 )
{
memset( buf, '\0', BUFFER_SIZE );
int ret = recv( sockfd, buf, BUFFER_SIZE-1, 0 );
if( ret < 0 )
{
// 对于非阻塞IO,下面的条件成立表示数据已经全部读取完毕。此后,epoll 就能再次触发 sockfd 上的EPOLLIN 事件,以驱动下一次读操作。
if( ( errno == EAGAIN ) || ( errno == EWOULDBLOCK ) )
{
printf( "read later\n" );
break;
}
close( sockfd );
break;
}
else if( ret == 0 )
{
close( sockfd );
}
else
{
printf( "get %d bytes of content: %s\n", ret, buf );
}
}
}
else
{
printf( "something else happened \n" );
}
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
if (argc <= 1) {
printf("usage: %s port_number ip_address\n", basename(argv[0]));
return 1;
}
int port = atoi(argv[1]);
int ret = 0;
sockaddr_in address;
bzero(&address, sizeof(address));
address.sin_family = AF_INET;
if (argc >= 3) {
const char *ip =argv[2];
inet_pton(AF_INET, ip, &address.sin_addr);
}
else {
address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
}
address.sin_port = htons(port);
int listenfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
assert(listenfd >= 0);
ret = bind(listenfd, (sockaddr*)&address, sizeof(address));
assert(ret != - 1);
ret = listen(listenfd, 5);
assert(ret != -1);
epoll_event events[MAX_EVENT_NUMBER];
int epollfd = epoll_create(5);
assert(epollfd != -1);
addfd(epollfd, listenfd, true);
while(true) {
ret = epoll_wait(epollfd, events, MAX_EVENT_NUMBER, -1);
if (ret < 0) {
printf("epoll failure\n");
break;
}
lt(events, ret, epollfd, listenfd); // 使用 LT模式
//et(events, ret, epollfd, listenfd); // 使用 ET模式
}
close(listenfd);
return 0;
}
运行 ./epoll_test 12888 并在另一个窗口用telnet输入超过10个(BUFFERSIZE)字符:
在服务器端得到:
换成et模式:运行服务器后,telnet客户端输入:
服务器显示: