【转】Linux那些事儿 之 戏说USB(34)驱动的生命线(二)

关系是跑出来的，感情是喝出来的，朋友是处出来的，事业是干出来的，但设备是配置出来的，绝非吹出来的。core配置设备使用的是message.c里的usb_set_configuration函数

1388 /*

1389 * usb_set_configuration - Makes a particular device setting be current

1390 * @dev: the device whose configuration is being updated

1391 * @configuration: the configuration being chosen.

1392 * Context: !in_interrupt(), caller owns the device lock

1393 *

1394 * This is used to enable non-default device modes. Not all devices

1395 * use this kind of configurability; many devices only have one

1396 * configuration.

1397 *

1398 * @configuration is the value of the configuration to be installed.

1399 * According to the USB spec (e.g. section 9.1.1.5), configuration values

1400 * must be non-zero; a value of zero indicates that the device in

1401 * unconfigured. However some devices erroneously use 0 as one of their

1402 * configuration values. To help manage such devices, this routine will

1403 * accept @configuration = -1 as indicating the device should be put in

1404 * an unconfigured state.

1405 *

1406 * USB device configurations may affect Linux interoperability,

1407 * power consumption and the functionality available. For example,

1408 * the default configuration is limited to using 100mA of bus power,

1409 * so that when certain device functionality requires more power,

1410 * and the device is bus powered, that functionality should be in some

1411 * non-default device configuration. Other device modes may also be

1412 * reflected as configuration options, such as whether two ISDN

1413 * channels are available independently; and choosing between open

1414 * standard device protocols (like CDC) or proprietary ones.

1415 *

1416 * Note that USB has an additional level of device configurability,

1417 * associated with interfaces. That configurability is accessed using

1418 * usb_set_interface().

1419 *

1420 * This call is synchronous. The calling context must be able to sleep,

1421 * must own the device lock, and must not hold the driver model's USB

1422 * bus mutex; usb device driver probe() methods cannot use this routine.

1423  *

1424  * Returns zero on success, or else the status code returned by the

1425  * underlying call that failed. On successful completion, each interface

1426  * in the original device configuration has been destroyed, and each one

1427  * in the new configuration has been probed by all relevant usb device

1428  * drivers currently known to the kernel.

1429  */

1430 int usb_set_configuration(struct usb_device *dev, int configuration)

1431 {

1432         int i, ret;

1433         struct usb_host_config *cp = NULL;

1434         struct usb_interface **new_interfaces = NULL;

1435         int n, nintf;

1436

1437         if (configuration == -1)

1438                 configuration = 0;

1439         else {

1440                 for (i = 0; i < dev->descriptor.bNumConfigurations; i++) {

1441                         if (dev->config[i].desc.bConfigurationValue ==

1442                                         configuration) {

1443                                 cp = &dev->config[i];

1444                                 break;

1445                         }

1446                 }

1447         }

1448         if ((!cp && configuration != 0))

1449                 return -EINVAL;

1450

1451         /* The USB spec says configuration 0 means unconfigured.

1452          * But if a device includes a configuration numbered 0,

1453          * we will accept it as a correctly configured state.

1454          * Use -1 if you really want to unconfigure the device.

1455           */

1456          if (cp && configuration == 0)

1457                  dev_warn(&dev->dev, "config 0 descriptor??/n");

1458

1459         /* Allocate memory for new interfaces before doing anything else,

1460          * so that if we run out then nothing will have changed. */

1461         n = nintf = 0;

1462         if (cp) {

1463                 nintf = cp->desc.bNumInterfaces;

1464                 new_interfaces = kmalloc(nintf * sizeof(*new_interfaces),

1465                                 GFP_KERNEL);

1466                 if (!new_interfaces) {

1467                         dev_err(&dev->dev, "Out of memory");

1468                         return -ENOMEM;

1469                 }

1470

1471                 for (; n < nintf; ++n) {

1472                         new_interfaces[n] = kzalloc(

1473                                         sizeof(struct usb_interface),

1474                                         GFP_KERNEL);

1475                         if (!new_interfaces[n]) {

1476                                 dev_err(&dev->dev, "Out of memory");

1477                                  ret = -ENOMEM;

1478 free_interfaces:

1479                                  while (--n >= 0)

1480                                          kfree(new_interfaces[n]);

1481                                  kfree(new_interfaces);

1482                                  return ret;

1483                          }

1484                  }

1485

1486                  i = dev->bus_mA - cp->desc.bMaxPower * 2;

1487                  if (i < 0)

1488                          dev_warn(&dev->dev, "new config #%d exceeds power "

1489                                          "limit by %dmA/n",

1490                                          configuration, -i);

1491          }

1492

1493          /* Wake up the device so we can send it the Set-Config request */

1494          ret = usb_autoresume_device(dev);

1495          if (ret)

1496                  goto free_interfaces;

1497

1498          /* if it's already configured, clear out old state first.

1499           * getting rid of old interfaces means unbinding their drivers.

1500           */

1501          if (dev->state != USB_STATE_ADDRESS)

1502                  usb_disable_device (dev, 1);    // Skip ep0

1503

1504          if ((ret = usb_control_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0),

1505                          USB_REQ_SET_CONFIGURATION, 0, configuration, 0,

1506                          NULL, 0, USB_CTRL_SET_TIMEOUT)) < 0) {

1507

1508                  /* All the old state is gone, so what else can we do?

1509                   * The device is probably useless now anyway.

1510                   */

1511                  cp = NULL;

1512          }

1513

1514          dev->actconfig = cp;

1515          if (!cp) {

1516                  usb_set_device_state(dev, USB_STATE_ADDRESS);

1517                  usb_autosuspend_device(dev);

1518                  goto free_interfaces;

1519          }

1520          usb_set_device_state(dev, USB_STATE_CONFIGURED);

1521

1522          /* Initialize the new interface structures and the

1523          * hc/hcd/usbcore interface/endpoint state.

1524          */

1525         for (i = 0; i < nintf; ++i) {

1526                 struct usb_interface_cache *intfc;

1527                 struct usb_interface *intf;

1528                 struct usb_host_interface *alt;

1529

1530                 cp->interface[i] = intf = new_interfaces[i];

1531                 intfc = cp->intf_cache[i];

1532                 intf->altsetting = intfc->altsetting;

1533                 intf->num_altsetting = intfc->num_altsetting;

1534                 kref_get(&intfc->ref);

1535

1536                 alt = usb_altnum_to_altsetting(intf, 0);

1537

1538                 /* No altsetting 0? We'll assume the first altsetting.

1539                  * We could use a GetInterface call, but if a device is

1540                  * so non-compliant that it doesn't have altsetting 0

1541                  * then I wouldn't trust its reply anyway.

1542                  */

1543                 if (!alt)

1544                         alt = &intf->altsetting[0];

1545

1546                 intf->cur_altsetting = alt;

1547                  usb_enable_interface(dev, intf);

1548                  intf->dev.parent = &dev->dev;

1549                  intf->dev.driver = NULL;

1550                  intf->dev.bus = &usb_bus_type;

1551                  intf->dev.type = &usb_if_device_type;

1552                  intf->dev.dma_mask = dev->dev.dma_mask;

1553                  device_initialize (&intf->dev);

1554                  mark_quiesced(intf);

1555                  sprintf (&intf->dev.bus_id[0], "%d-%s:%d.%d",

1556                           dev->bus->busnum, dev->devpath,

1557                           configuration, alt->desc.bInterfaceNumber);

1558          }

1559          kfree(new_interfaces);

1560

1561          if (cp->string == NULL)

1562                  cp->string = usb_cache_string(dev, cp->desc.iConfiguration);

1563

1564          /* Now that all the interfaces are set up, register them

1565           * to trigger binding of drivers to interfaces. probe()

1566           * routines may install different altsettings and may

1567           * claim() any interfaces not yet bound. Many class drivers

1568           * need that: CDC, audio, video, etc.

1569           */

1570          for (i = 0; i < nintf; ++i) {

1571                  struct usb_interface *intf = cp->interface[i];

1572

1573                  dev_dbg (&dev->dev,

1574                          "adding %s (config #%d, interface %d)/n",

1575                          intf->dev.bus_id, configuration,

1576                          intf->cur_altsetting->desc.bInterfaceNumber);

1577                  ret = device_add (&intf->dev);

1578                  if (ret != 0) {

1579                          dev_err(&dev->dev, "device_add(%s) --> %d/n",

1580                                 intf->dev.bus_id, ret);

1581                         continue;

1582                 }

1583                 usb_create_sysfs_intf_files (intf);

1584         }

1585

1586         usb_autosuspend_device(dev);

1587         return 0;

1588 }

这个函数很迷信，从1388行开始，到1588行结束，怎么着它都要发发，希望咱们看的时候也能沾上点财气运气。那就先对着它许个愿吧，并不是真的相信它，但是反正也是免费的，而且也没有证据证明它不灵。

说 代码前咱们再聊点这个函数背后的人生哲学，你设备不是和usb_generic_driver这个大美女配对成功了么，可是这并不是就说你可以高枕无忧 了，要想保持和她的这种亲密关系，你得想办法让她得到满足，你就得抱着一颗勇敢的心，准备着让她去配置，准备着她想让你什么样你就什么样。你要明白，吸引 住男人的办法就是让他一直得不到，吸引住女人的办法正好相反，就是让她一直满足。从这个角度看，这个函数就可以泾渭分明的分成三个部分三个阶段，从 1432到1491的这几十行是准备阶段，做做常规检查啊，申请申请内存啊，搞点前戏什么的。1498到1520这部分可是重头戏，就是在这里设备从 Address发展到了Configured，可算是高潮阶段，别看它短，这是事物发展的规律，也是每个男人女人的规律。1522到1584这阶段也挺重 要的，主要就是充实充实设备的每个接口并提交给设备模型，为它们寻找命中注定的接口驱动，最后温存温存，过了这个后戏阶段， usb_generic_driver也就彻底从你设备那儿得到满足了，generic_probe的历史使命也就完成了。事物的发展大体上就脱离不了这 三个阶段，再比如股票，买、卖、回味。

先 看第一阶段，要做一个好男人，按顺序一步一步来。1437行，configuration是前边儿choose_configuration()那里返回 回来的，找到合意的配置的话，就返回那个配置的bConfigurationValue值，没有找到称心的配置的话，就返回-1，所以这里的 configuration值就可能有两种情况，或者为-1，或者为配置的bConfigurationValue值。当configuration为- 1时这里为啥又要把它改为0捏？要知道configuration这个值是要在后面的高潮阶段里发送SET_CONFIGURATION请求时用的，关于 SET_CONFIGURATION请求，spec里说，这个值必须为0或者与配置描述符的bConfigurationValue一致，如果为0，则设 备收到SET_CONFIGURATION请求后，仍然会待在Address状态。这里当configuration为-1也就是没有发现满意的配置时， 设备不能进入Configured，所以要把configuration的值改为0，以便满足SET_CONFIGURATION请求的要求。

那 接下来的问题就出来了，在没有找到合适配置的时候直接给configuration这个参数传个0，也就是让choose_configuration ()返回个0不就得了，干吗还这么麻烦先返回个-1再把它改成0，不是脱裤子放屁多此一举么？你别愤怒，这归根结底还是那句话，林子大了什么鸟都有，有些 设备就是有拿0当配置bConfigurationValue值的毛病，你又不能不让它用，不是有句俗话么：既然说人生是本书，那出现几个错别字就没什么 大不了的。人生都能出现错字，那usb世界里出现几个有毛病的设备也没啥大不了的，这里妥协一下就是了，想让设备回到Address状态时， usb_set_configuration()就别传递0了，传递个-1，里边儿去处理一下。如果configuration值为0或大于0的值，就从 设备struct usb_device结构体的config数组里将相应配置的描述信息，也就是struct usb_host_config结构体给取出来。

1448 行，如果没有拿到配置的内容，configuration值就必须为0了，让设备待在Address那儿别动。这也很好理解，配置的内容都找不到了，还配 置个什么劲儿。当然，如果拿到了配置的内容，但同时configuration为0，这就是对应了上面说的那种有毛病的设备的情况，就提出一下警告，告诉 你不正常现象出现了。

1461 行，过了这个if，第一阶段就告结束了。如果配置是实实在在存在的，就为它使用的那些接口都准备一个struct usb_interface结构体。new_interfaces是开头儿就定义好的一个struct usb_interface结构体指针数组，数组的每一项都指向了一个struct usb_interface结构体，所以这里申请内存也要分两步走，先申请指针数组的，再申请每一项的。