set内置函数梳理

函数名:add

​ Add an element to a set.

• 将给定的元素添加到集合中。 如果元素已经存在，它不会添加任何元素。

  • 类似list.append()

  >>> s={'1','2','3'}
  ​
  >>> s.add('4')
  ​
  >>> s
  ​
  {'4', '2', '3', '1'}

This has no effect if the element is already present.

---

函数名:clear

• 删除集合中的所有元素。

  • 与list.clear() dict.clear()类似

  
  >>> s
  {'4', '2', '3', '1'}
  >>> s.clear()
  >>> s
  set()

Remove all elements from this set.

---

函数名:copy

  
  >>> s
  ​
  {'4', '2', '3', '1'}
  ​
  >>> s.clear()
  ​
  >>> s
  ​
  set()

Return a shallow copy of a set.

---

函数名:difference

• 返回两组集合的差异。

  
  >>> s={'1','2','3'}
  ​
  >>> b={'1','2','4'}
  ​
  >>> s.difference(b) 
  ​
  {'3'}
  ​
  >>> b.difference(s) 
  ​
  {'4'}

Return the difference of two or more sets as a new set.

(i.e. all elements that are in this set but not the others.)

---

函数名:difference_update

• 使用集合的差异更新集合调用difference_update（）方法。

  
  >>> s={'1','2','3'}
  ​
  >>> b={'1','2','4'}
  ​
  >>> a=b.difference_update(s)
  ​
  >>> a
  ​
  >>> s
  ​
  {'3', '1', '2'}
  ​
  >>> b
  ​
  {'4'}
  ​
  >>> 

Remove all elements of another set from this set.

---

函数名:discard

• 从集合中删除指定的元素（如果存在），返回None（表示不存在返回值）。

  
  >>> s={'1','2','3'}
  ​
  >>> s.discard('3')
  ​
  >>> s
  ​
  {'1', '2'}
  ​
  >>> s.discard('5')

Remove an element from a set if it is a member.

If the element is not a member, do nothing.

---

函数名:intersection

A.intersection(*other_sets)

• 返回一个新集合，其中包含所有集合通用的元素。

  • 允许任意数量的参数（集合）。

  
  >>> A = {2, 3, 5, 4}
  ​
  >>> B = {2, 5, 100}
  ​
  >>> C = {2, 3, 8, 9, 10}
  ​
  >>> B.intersection(A)
  ​
  {2, 5}
  ​
  >>> B.intersection(C)
  ​
  {2}
  ​
  >>> C.intersection(A, B)
  ​
  {2}

Return the intersection of two sets as a new set.

(i.e. all elements that are in both sets.)

---

函数名:intersection_update

• 集合的交集更新set。

  
  >>> A = {1, 2, 3, 4}
  ​
  >>> B = {2, 3, 4, 5}
  ​
  \>>> result = A.intersection_update(B)
  ​
  >>> A
  ​
  {2, 3, 4}
  ​
  >>> B
  ​
  {2, 3, 4, 5}
  ​
  >>> result

Update a set with the intersection of itself and another.

---

函数名:isdisjoint

The isdisjoint() method returns True if two sets are disjoint sets. If not, it returns False.

• 如果两个集合是不相交集合，则isdisjoint（）方法返回True。 如果不是，则返回False。

  
  >>> A = {1, 2, 3, 4}
  ​
  >>> B = {5, 6, 7}
  ​
  >>> C = {4, 5, 6}
  ​
  >>> A.isdisjoint(B)
  ​
  True
  ​
  >>> A.isdisjoint(C)
  ​
  False

Return True if two sets have a null intersection.

---

函数名:issubset

The issubset() method returns True if all elements of a set are present in another set (passed as an argument). If not, it returns False.

• 如果集合中的所有元素存在于另一个集合中（作为参数传递），则issubset（）方法返回True。 如果不是，则返回False。

  
  >>> A = {1, 2, 3}
  ​
  >>> B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
  ​
  >>> A.issubset(B)
  ​
  True
  ​
  >>> B.issubset(A)
  ​
  False

Report whether another set contains this set.

---

函数名:issuperset

• b.issuperset(a)，判断b是否是a的超集

  • 如果一个集合S2中的每一个元素都在集合S1中，且集合S1中可能包含S2中没有的元素，则集合S1就是S2的一个超集。 S1是S2的超集，则S2是S1的真子集，反之亦然

  
  >>> A
  ​
  {'c', 'd', 'a', 2, 'C', 'A', 'B'}
  ​
  >>> B={'A','B','C'}
  ​
  >>> A.issuperset(B)
  ​
  True

Report whether this set contains another set.

---

函数名:pop

• 从集合中删除任意元素并返回被删除的元素。类似list.pop()

  
  >>> A
  ​
  {1, 2, 3}
  ​
  >>> A.pop()
  ​
  1

Remove and return an arbitrary set element.

Raises KeyError if the set is empty.

---

函数名:remove

• 搜索集合中的给定元素并将其删除。如果传递给remove（）方法的元素（参数）不存在，则会引发keyError异常。

  
  >>> A = {1, 2, 3}
  ​
  >>> A.remove(1)
  ​
  >>> A.remove(4)
  ​
  Traceback (most recent call last):
  ​
    File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  ​
  KeyError: 4

Remove an element from a set; it must be a member.

If the element is not a member, raise a KeyError.

---

函数名:symmetric_difference

• 返回一个新的集合，它是两个集合的对称差异。

  
  >>> A = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}
  ​
  >>> B = {'c', 'd', 'e' }
  ​
  >>> A.symmetric_difference(B)
  ​
  {'a', 'b', 'e'}
  ​
  >>> B.symmetric_difference(A)
  ​
  {'a', 'b', 'e'}

Return the symmetric difference of two sets as a new set.

(i.e. all elements that are in exactly one of the sets.)

---

函数名:symmetric_difference_update

• 使用集合的对称差异更新集合

  
  >>> A = {'a', 'c', 'd'}
  ​
  >>> B = {'c', 'd', 'e' }
  ​
  >>> A.symmetric_difference_update(B)
  ​
  >>> A
  ​
  {'a', 'e'}

Update a set with the symmetric difference of itself and another.

---

函数名:union

• 返回一个新集合，其中包含所有集合中不同的元素。

  
  >>> A = {'a', 'c', 'd'}
  ​
  >>> B = {'c', 'd', 2 }
  ​
  >>> C= {1, 2, 3}
  ​
  >>> A.union(B)
  ​
  {'c', 'd', 'a', 2}
  ​
  >>> B.union(C)
  ​
  {'c', 'd', 2, 1, 3}
  ​
  >>> A.union()
  ​
  {'d', 'c', 'a'}

Return the union of sets as a new set.

(i.e. all elements that are in either set.)

---

函数名:update

• 将集合中的元素（作为参数传递）添加到集合.类似list.extend()

  • 将元素拆开

  
  >>> A
  ​
  {'d', 'c', 'a'}
  ​
  >>> A.update(B)
  ​
  >>> A
  ​
  {'c', 'd', 'a', 2}
  ​
  >>> A.update('ABC')
  ​
  >>> A
  ​
  {'c', 'd', 'a', 2, 'C', 'A', 'B'}

Update a set with the union of itself and others.