目录
简单发送原理:
详细原理:
- 张三给李四发送邮件通过首先通过网络传输到自己发送的服务器(网易服务器)里.
- 服务器(网易服务器)在进行发送的邮箱后缀名判断确认要发送到那个服务器里(QQ服务器).
- 在通过SMTP协议发送到对应服务器的POP3里进行接收.
- 最后接收的服务器(QQ服务器)进行确认,确认成功,则传输到对应用户的邮箱里.
需要导入的Maven依赖:
<!-- 邮件发送依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>mail</artifactId>
<version>1.4.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.activation</groupId>
<artifactId>activation</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>进行简单邮件发送
import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.util.Properties;
public class Test02 {
//发送一封简单的邮件
public static void main(String[] args) throws GeneralSecurityException, MessagingException {
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.setProperty("mail.host","smtp.qq.com");//设置qq邮箱服务器
properties.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol","smtp");//邮箱发送协议
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth","true");//设置需要验证用户名密码
//使用javaMail发送邮箱的五个步骤
//========== 1.创建定义整个应用程序所需的环境信息Session对象 ==========
//这个只有QQ才有
Session defaultInstance = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() {
@Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
//发送人邮件用户名,授权码
return new PasswordAuthentication("3068384097@qq.com","sclwoortwaqrddeh");
}
});
//开启Session的debug模式,这样可以看到程序发送Email的状态
defaultInstance.setDebug(true);
//========== 2.通过Session对象得到transport对象 ==========
//从session获取transport对象
Transport transport = defaultInstance.getTransport();
//========== 3.使用邮箱的用户名和授权码连上邮件服务器 ==========
//链接的邮箱,链接的用户,链接的授权码
transport.connect("smtp.qq.com","3068384097@qq.com","sclwoortwaqrddeh");
//========== 4.创建邮箱 ==========
//写邮件
MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(defaultInstance);//需要传递Session
mimeMessage.setSubject("Hello");//邮件主题
mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress("3068384097@qq.com"));//设置发件人
mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress("3068384097@qq.com"));//收件人
mimeMessage.setText("Hello World");//邮件内容,格式
//========== 5.发送邮件 ==========
transport.sendMessage(mimeMessage,mimeMessage.getAllRecipients());
transport.close();
}
}
进行图片邮件发送
比起纯文本邮件,图片邮件,只需要改动发送的地方就可以了!
import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;
import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.util.Properties;
public class Test02 {
//发送带有图片和附件的邮件
public static void main(String[] args) throws GeneralSecurityException, MessagingException {
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.setProperty("mail.host", "smtp.qq.com");//设置qq邮箱服务器
properties.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");//邮箱发送协议
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");//设置需要验证用户名密码
//使用javaMail发送邮箱的五个步骤
//========== 1.创建定义整个应用程序所需的环境信息Session对象 ==========
//这个只有QQ才有
Session defaultInstance = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() {
@Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
//发送人邮件用户名,授权码
return new PasswordAuthentication("3068384097@qq.com", "sclwoortwaqrddeh");
}
});
//开启Session的debug模式,这样可以看到程序发送Email的状态
defaultInstance.setDebug(true);
//========== 2.通过Session对象得到transport对象 ==========
//从session获取transport对象
Transport transport = defaultInstance.getTransport();
//========== 3.使用邮箱的用户名和授权码连上邮件服务器 ==========
//链接的邮箱,链接的用户,链接的授权码
transport.connect("smtp.qq.com", "3068384097@qq.com", "sclwoortwaqrddeh");
//========== 4.创建邮箱 ==========
//写邮件
MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(defaultInstance);//需要传递Session
mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress("3068384097@qq.com"));//设置发件人
mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress("3068384097@qq.com"));//收件人
mimeMessage.setSubject("Hello");//邮件主题
//------- 准备图片数据 -----------
//准备图片数据
MimeBodyPart img = new MimeBodyPart();
//图片需要经过数据处理
DataHandler dataHandler = new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Pictures\\小步.png"));
img.setDataHandler(dataHandler);
img.setContentID("bz.jpg");
//准备正文数据
MimeBodyPart text = new MimeBodyPart();
text.setContent("<img src='cid:bz.jpg'>", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
//描述正文关系
MimeMultipart mm = new MimeMultipart();
mm.addBodyPart(text);
mm.addBodyPart(img);
mm.setSubType("related");
//-------------
mimeMessage.setContent(mm);//将编译好的图片放入
mimeMessage.saveChanges();//保存修改
//========== 5.发送邮件 ==========
transport.sendMessage(mimeMessage, mimeMessage.getAllRecipients());
transport.close();
}
}
网易云邮件发送
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.util.Properties;
//网易云邮箱发送
public class Test03 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MessagingException {
//网易云邮箱发送
Properties props = new Properties();
// 开启debug调试
props.setProperty("mail.debug", "true");
// 发送服务器需要身份验证
props.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
// 设置邮件服务器主机名
props.setProperty("mail.host", "smtp.163.com");
// 发送邮件协议名称
props.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");
//1.新建一个会话
Session session = Session.getInstance(props);
//2.新建消息
Message msg = new MimeMessage(session);
msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress("abc306384097@163.com"));//设置是谁发送的
//设置邮件内容
msg.setSubject("Hello world");
msg.setText("Hello world");
//3.建立邮箱链接
Transport transport = session.getTransport();
transport.connect("smtp.163.com","abc306384097@163.com","TWENQQAQWAIBVAGF");
//4.发送消息
transport.sendMessage(msg,new Address[]{new InternetAddress("abc306384097@163.com")});
transport.close();
}
}
邮件接口及其QQ邮件包装类
接口:
package com.util.Mail;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
/**
* 该接口用于实现发送邮件
*/
public interface Mail{
//获取会话
Session getSession();
//获取建立的链接邮箱
Transport getTransport();
//获取发送的消息
Message getMessage();
}
包装类:
package com.util.Mail;
import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
* 该类用于进行QQ邮箱的发送消息
*/
public class QQMail implements Mail {
//发送者
private String sender;
//接收者
private String recipient;
//授权码
private String AuthorizationCode;
//会话
private Session session;
//邮箱链接
private Transport transport;
//发送的消息
private Message message;
//附件信息
private final MimeMultipart mimeMultipart = new MimeMultipart();
public QQMail() {
InformationInitialization();
}
/**
* QQMail的构造方法用来设置参数并初始化信息
*
* @param sender 设置发件人
* @param recipient 设置收件人
* @param authorizationCode 设置授权码
*/
public QQMail(String sender, String recipient, String authorizationCode) {
this.sender = sender;
this.recipient = recipient;
AuthorizationCode = authorizationCode;
InformationInitialization();
}
/**
* 该方法用来初始化属性
*/
private void InformationInitialization() {
if (sender == null || recipient == null || AuthorizationCode == null) {
System.err.println("接收者或发送者或授权码参数不能为空！！！！");
}
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.setProperty("mail.host", "smtp.qq.com");//设置qq邮箱服务器
properties.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");//邮箱发送协议
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");//设置需要验证用户名密码
session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() {
@Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
//发送人邮件用户名,授权码
return new PasswordAuthentication(sender, AuthorizationCode);
}
});
try {
transport = session.getTransport();
} catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {
System.err.println("QQMail类的InformationInitialization()方法transport邮箱链接初始化有误!");
}
try {
transport.connect("smtp.qq.com", sender, AuthorizationCode);
} catch (MessagingException e) {
System.err.println("QQMail类的InformationInitialization()方法transport服务器链接有误!");
}
message = new MimeMessage(session);
try {
message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(sender));//设置发件人
message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.BCC, new InternetAddress(recipient));//收件人
} catch (MessagingException e) {
System.err.println("QQMail类的InformationInitialization()方法message设置有误!");
}
try {
mimeMultipart.setSubType("mixed");
} catch (MessagingException e) {
System.err.println("QQMail类的InformationInitialization()方法mimeMultipart类型设置有误!");
}
}
/**
* 该方法用来设置发送邮件标题
* @param Title 邮件标题
*/
public void setMessageTitle(String Title) {
try {
message.setSubject(Title);
} catch (MessagingException e) {
System.err.println("QQMail类的setMessageTitle()方法标题设置有误!");
}
}
/**
* 邮件文本添加
* @param Text 需要进行添加的文本
* @throws MessagingException 可能会文本添加失败
*/
public void messageAddText(String Text) throws MessagingException {
MimeBodyPart mimeBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
mimeBodyPart.setContent(Text, "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
mimeMultipart.addBodyPart(mimeBodyPart);
}
/**
* 该方法用于向邮件添加图片
* @param url 需要添加图片的地址
*/
public void messageAddImg(String url) throws MessagingException {
MimeBodyPart img = new MimeBodyPart();
DataHandler dataHandler = new DataHandler(new FileDataSource(url));
img.setDataHandler(dataHandler);
img.setContentID("img.jpg");
MimeBodyPart text = new MimeBodyPart();
text.setContent("<img src='cid:img.jpg'>", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
mimeMultipart.addBodyPart(img);
mimeMultipart.addBodyPart(text);
}
/**
* 该方法用于向邮件添加附件
* @param url 需要添加附件的地址
*/
public void messageAddEnclosure(String url) throws MessagingException {
MimeBodyPart mimeBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
mimeBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(new FileDataSource(url)));
String name=url.substring(url.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);
mimeBodyPart.setFileName(name);
mimeMultipart.addBodyPart(mimeBodyPart);
}
/**
* 该方法用来设置是否开启检测功能
* @param debug 设置是否开启
*/
public void setDebug(Boolean debug){
session.setDebug(debug);
}
/**
* 该方法用来实现发送邮件
*
* @throws MessagingException 可能关闭失败
*/
public void sendMail() throws MessagingException {
message.setContent(mimeMultipart);
message.saveChanges();
try {
transport.sendMessage(message, message.getAllRecipients());
} catch (MessagingException e) {
System.err.println("\"QQMail类的sendMail()方法发送异常!");
}
transport.close();
System.gc();
}
/**
* 获取邮箱会话
*
* @return 返回邮箱会话
*/
@Override
public Session getSession() {
return session;
}
/**
* 获取建立端口的链接
*
* @return 返回链接
*/
@Override
public Transport getTransport() {
return transport;
}
/**
* 获取发送消息
*
* @return 返回发送消息
*/
@Override
public Message getMessage() {
return message;
}
/**
* 获取发送者
*
* @return 返回发送者信息
*/
public String getSender() {
return sender;
}
/**
* 设置发送者
*
* @param sender 设置发送者信息
*/
public void setSender(String sender) {
this.sender = sender;
InformationInitialization();
}
/**
* 获取接收者
*
* @return 返回接收者信息(邮箱)
*/
public String getRecipient() {
return recipient;
}
/**
* 设置接收者
*
* @param recipient 设置接收者信息
*/
public void setRecipient(String recipient) {
this.recipient = recipient;
InformationInitialization();
}
/**
* 获取授权码
*
* @return 返回授权码信息
*/
public String getAuthorizationCode() {
return AuthorizationCode;
}
/**
* 设置授权码
*
* @param authorizationCode 设置授权码信息
*/
public void setAuthorizationCode(String authorizationCode) {
AuthorizationCode = authorizationCode;
InformationInitialization();
}
}
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