Java邮件发送

1. 导包

导入 mail-1.4.7.jar 和 activation-1.1.1.jar

2.QQ邮箱开启POP3/SMTP服务

• 进入QQ邮箱–设置–账户

3. 普通版邮件发送

3.1 文本邮件发送

package com.lrm;

import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;

import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.util.Properties;

/**发送一封简单邮件：没有附件和图片，纯文本邮件
 *要发送邮件需要获得协议和支持。开启服务POP3/SMTP服务
 *授权码（QQ邮箱）：授权码
 **/
public class MailTest01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Properties prop = new Properties();
        //设置邮件服务器
        prop.setProperty("mail.host","smtp.qq.com");
        //设置邮件发送协议
        prop.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol","smtp");
        //需要验证用户名密码
        prop.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth","true");

        //关于QQ邮箱还需要设置SSL加密（其他邮箱不需要）
        MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
        sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
        prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable","true");
        prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory",sf);

        //使用JavaMail发送邮件的5个步骤
        //1、创建定义整个应用程序所需要的环境信息的session对象
        //QQ才有，其他邮箱不要
        Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(prop, new Authenticator() {
            @Override
            public PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                //发件人邮件用户名、授权码
                return new PasswordAuthentication("邮件用户名","授权码");
            }
        });

        //开启session的debug模式，这样就可以查看到程序发送email的运行状态
        session.setDebug(true);

        //2、通过session得到transport对象
        Transport ts = session.getTransport();

        //3、使用邮箱的用户名和授权码连上邮件服务器
        ts.connect("smtp.qq.com","邮箱用户名","授权码");

        //4、创建邮件
        //创建邮件对象
        MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);

        //指明邮件的发件人
        message.setFrom(new InternetAddress("发件人邮箱地址"));

        //指明邮件的收件人
        message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress("收件人邮箱地址"));

        //邮件的标题
        message.setSubject("只包含文本的简单邮件");

        //邮件的文本内容
        message.setContent("<h1 style='color: red'>你好！</h1>","text/html;charset=utf-8");

        //5、发送邮件
        ts.sendMessage(message,message.getAllRecipients());

        ts.close();
    }
}

3.2 附件邮件发送

package com.lrm;

import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;

import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;
import java.util.Properties;

/**发送一封复杂邮件：有附件和图片
 *要发送邮件需要获得协议和支持。开启服务POP3/SMTP服务
 *授权码（QQ邮箱）：授权码
 **/
public class MailTest02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
       	
       	···与文本邮件一致···
       	
        //邮件的标题
        message.setSubject("包含图片和附件的复杂邮件");

        //邮件的文本内容
        //=============================================
        //准备图片数据
        MimeBodyPart image = new MimeBodyPart();
        //图片需要进行数据处理
        DataHandler dh = new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("D:\\编程\\IDEA_workspace\\功能拓展\\mail-java\\src\\1.jpg"));
        //在Body中放入这个处理的图片数据
        image.setDataHandler(dh);
        //给图片设置一个CID，在后面使用
        image.setContentID("biz.jpg");

        //准备正文数据
        MimeBodyPart text = new MimeBodyPart();
        text.setContent("这是一封带有图片和附件的邮件<img src='cid:biz.jpg'>","text/html;charset=utf-8");

        //准备附件数据
        MimeBodyPart file = new MimeBodyPart();
        file.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("D:\\编程\\IDEA_workspace\\功能拓展\\mail-java\\src\\1.txt")));
        file.setFileName("1.txt");

        //描述数据关系
        MimeMultipart mm = new MimeMultipart();
        mm.addBodyPart(text);
        mm.addBodyPart(image);
        //related：图片  mixed：附件
        mm.setSubType("related");

        //将图片和文本设为主体
        MimeBodyPart contextText = new MimeBodyPart();
        contextText.setContent(mm);

        //将附件拼接进主体
        MimeMultipart allFile = new MimeMultipart();
        allFile.addBodyPart(file);
        allFile.addBodyPart(contextText);
        allFile.setSubType("mixed");

        //设置到消息中，保存修改
        message.setContent(allFile);
        message.saveChanges();
        //=============================================

        //5、发送邮件
        ts.sendMessage(message,message.getAllRecipients());

        ts.close();
    }
}

4. Web版邮件发送

4.1 前端代码编写

index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>注册</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/RegisterServlet.do" method="post">
      用户名：<input type="text" name="username"></br>
      密码：<input type="password" name="password"></br>
      邮箱：<input type="text" name="email"></br>
      <input type="submit" value="注册">
    </form>
  </body>
</html>

info.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>温馨提示</title>
</head>
<body>
${message}
</body>
</html>

4.2 后端代码编写

User.java

package com.lrm.pojo;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class User implements Serializable {

    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String email;
	
	···有参、无参、get/set、toString重写···

工具类Sendmail

package com.lrm.utils;

import com.lrm.pojo.User;
import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;

import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * 网站3秒原则：用户体验
 * 多线程实现用户体验，异步处理
 */
public class Sendmail extends Thread{

    //用于给用户发送邮件的邮箱
    private String from = "发件人邮箱";
    //邮箱的用户名
    private String username = "邮箱用户名";
    //邮箱的密码（授权码）
    private String password = "授权码";
    //发送邮件的服务器地址
    private String host = "smtp.qq.com";

    private User user;
    public Sendmail(User user){
        this.user = user;
    }

    //重写run方法的实现，在run方法中发送邮件给指定的用户
    @Override
    public void run(){
        try {
            Properties prop = new Properties();
            //设置邮件服务器
            prop.setProperty("mail.host",host);
            //设置邮件发送协议
            prop.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol","smtp");
            //需要验证用户名密码
            prop.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth","true");

            //关于QQ邮箱还需要设置SSL加密（其他邮箱不需要）
            MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
            sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
            prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable","true");
            prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory",sf);

            //使用JavaMail发送邮件的5个步骤
            //1、创建定义整个应用程序所需要的环境信息的session对象
            //QQ才有，其他邮箱不要
            Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(prop, new Authenticator() {
                @Override
                public PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                    //发件人邮件用户名、授权码
                    return new PasswordAuthentication(username,password);
                }
            });

            //开启session的debug模式，这样就可以查看到程序发送email的运行状态
            session.setDebug(true);

            //2、通过session得到transport对象
            Transport ts = session.getTransport();

            //3、使用邮箱的用户名和授权码连上邮件服务器
            ts.connect(host,username,password);

            //4、创建邮件
            //创建邮件对象
            MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);

            //指明邮件的发件人
            message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));

            //指明邮件的收件人
            message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(user.getEmail()));

            //邮件的标题
            message.setSubject("用户注册邮件");

            //邮件的文本内容
            String info = "恭喜您注册成功，您的用户名是："+user.getUsername()+"，您的密码是："+user.getPassword();

            message.setContent(info,"text/html;charset=utf-8");
            message.saveChanges();

            //5、发送邮件
            ts.sendMessage(message,message.getAllRecipients());

            ts.close();
        }catch (Exception e){
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

RegisterServlet.java

package com.lrm.servlet;

import com.lrm.pojo.User;
import com.lrm.utils.Sendmail;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(name="RegisterServlet")
public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        try {
            //接收用户请求
            response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
            request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
            String username = request.getParameter("username");
            String password = request.getParameter("password");
            String email = request.getParameter("email");

            User user = new User(username, password, email);

            //用户注册成功后，给用户发一封邮件
            //使用专门的线程来发邮件，防止出现耗时或网站注册人数过多的情况
            Sendmail send = new Sendmail(user);
            //启动线程，线程启动后会执行run方法来发送邮件
            send.start();

            //注册用户
            request.setAttribute("message","注册成功，我们已经发了一封电子信息到您的邮箱！");
            request.getRequestDispatcher("info.jsp").forward(request,response);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            request.setAttribute("message","注册失败！");
            request.getRequestDispatcher("info.jsp").forward(request,response);
        }
    }
}

4.3 web.xml配置

	<servlet>
        <servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.lrm.servlet.RegisterServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/RegisterServlet.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

5. Spring Boot版邮件发送

测试类（文本、附件邮件发送）：

package com.example.springbootmail;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;

import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.io.File;

@SpringBootTest
class SpringBootMailApplicationTests {
    @Autowired
    JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender;

	//文本邮件发送
    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
        message.setSubject("主题");
        message.setText("Hello");
        message.setFrom("发件人邮箱");
        message.setTo("收件人邮箱");

        mailSender.send(message);
    }

	//附件邮件发送
    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        MimeMessage mimeMessage = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage,true);
        helper.setSubject("主题");
        helper.setText("<h1>Hello</h1>",true);

        //附件
        helper.addAttachment("application.properties",new File("D:\\编程\\IDEA_workspace\\功能拓展\\SpringBootMail\\src\\main\\resources\\application.properties"));

        helper.setFrom("发件人邮箱");
        helper.setTo("收件人邮箱");

        mailSender.send(mimeMessage);
    }
}

配置类 application.properties：

spring.mail.username=邮箱用户名
spring.mail.password=授权码
spring.mail.host=smtp.qq.com
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.ssl.enable=true