java层处理message,是在Looper死循环中不断从MessageQueue中读取Message进行处理,但是不知道有没有注意到,MessageQueue的一些native函数。其实MessageQueue不仅在java有一套实现,MessageQueue在native层还有一套实现。
MessageQueue
MessageQueue初始化
frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/MessageQueue.java
MessageQueue(boolean quitAllowed) {
mQuitAllowed = quitAllowed;
mPtr = nativeInit();
}
frameworks/base/core/jni/android_os_MessageQueue.cpp
static jlong android_os_MessageQueue_nativeInit(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz) {
//创建NativeMessageQueue
NativeMessageQueue* nativeMessageQueue = new NativeMessageQueue();
if (!nativeMessageQueue) {
jniThrowRuntimeException(env, "Unable to allocate native queue");
return 0;
}
nativeMessageQueue->incStrong(env);
return reinterpret_cast<jlong>(nativeMessageQueue);
}
NativeMessageQueue::NativeMessageQueue() :
mPollEnv(NULL), mPollObj(NULL), mExceptionObj(NULL) {
//在这个线程上创建一个native的Looper
mLooper = Looper::getForThread();
if (mLooper == NULL) {
mLooper = new Looper(false);
Looper::setForThread(mLooper);
}
}
MessageQueue读取一个消息
当java层的MessageQueue调用next()函数时,同时也会进行一个native message的处理。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/MessageQueue.java
Message next() {
// Return here if the message loop has already quit and been disposed.
// This can happen if the application tries to restart a looper after quit
// which is not supported.
final long ptr = mPtr;
if (ptr == 0) {
return null;
}
int pendingIdleHandlerCount = -1; // -1 only during first iteration
int nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
for (;;) {
if (nextPollTimeoutMillis != 0) {
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
}
//mPtr存储了NativeMessageQueue指针,调用nativePollOnce读取一次
nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis);
...
}
}
frameworks/base/core/jni/android_os_MessageQueue.cpp
static void android_os_MessageQueue_nativePollOnce(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj,
jlong ptr, jint timeoutMillis) {
NativeMessageQueue* nativeMessageQueue = reinterpret_cast<NativeMessageQueue*>(ptr);
nativeMessageQueue->pollOnce(env, obj, timeoutMillis);
}
void NativeMessageQueue::pollOnce(JNIEnv* env, jobject pollObj, int timeoutMillis) {
mPollEnv = env;
mPollObj = pollObj;
//调用native Looper进行一次数据读取
mLooper->pollOnce(timeoutMillis);
mPollObj = NULL;
mPollEnv = NULL;
if (mExceptionObj) {
env->Throw(mExceptionObj);
env->DeleteLocalRef(mExceptionObj);
mExceptionObj = NULL;
}
}
MessageQueue添加一个消息
如果我们如果注意过Java层的MessageQueue的话,可以发现在MessageQueue添加一条message的时候也会调用一个native的函数nativeWake。这里需要唤醒是因为有可能Native 层的Looper阻塞了线程,使消息不能及时响应,所以需要唤醒native层的looper
frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/MessageQueue.java
boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
....
nativeWake(mPtr);
...
}
frameworks/base/core/jni/android_os_MessageQueue.cpp
static void android_os_MessageQueue_nativeWake(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jlong ptr) {
NativeMessageQueue* nativeMessageQueue = reinterpret_cast<NativeMessageQueue*>(ptr);
nativeMessageQueue->wake();
}
void NativeMessageQueue::wake() {
mLooper->wake();
}
Looper
从前面MessageQueue的工作情况来看,最终都吧事情交到了Native层的Looper。
Looper初始化
system/core/libutils/Looper.cpp
Looper::Looper(bool allowNonCallbacks)
: mAllowNonCallbacks(allowNonCallbacks),
mSendingMessage(false),
mPolling(false),
mEpollRebuildRequired(false),
mNextRequestSeq(0),
mResponseIndex(0),
mNextMessageUptime(LLONG_MAX) {
//初始化一个管道,用于唤醒Looper
mWakeEventFd.reset(eventfd(0, EFD_NONBLOCK | EFD_CLOEXEC));
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mWakeEventFd.get() < 0, "Could not make wake event fd: %s", strerror(errno));
AutoMutex _l(mLock);
//native层的Looper实际是对epoll机制的一种封装,这里初始化epoll
rebuildEpollLocked();
}
void Looper::rebuildEpollLocked() {
...
//初始化epoll
// Allocate the new epoll instance and register the wake pipe.
mEpollFd.reset(epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC));
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mEpollFd < 0, "Could not create epoll instance: %s", strerror(errno));
struct epoll_event eventItem;
memset(& eventItem, 0, sizeof(epoll_event)); // zero out unused members of data field union
eventItem.events = EPOLLIN;
eventItem.data.fd = mWakeEventFd.get();
//将唤醒管道添加到epoll监听
int result = epoll_ctl(mEpollFd.get(), EPOLL_CTL_ADD, mWakeEventFd.get(), &eventItem);
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(result != 0, "Could not add wake event fd to epoll instance: %s",
strerror(errno));
...
}
Looper一次信息读取
system/core/libutils/Looper.cpp
int Looper::pollOnce(int timeoutMillis, int* outFd, int* outEvents, void** outData) {
int result = 0;
for (;;) {
//先处理已经读取一条的Response数据,传出去
while (mResponseIndex < mResponses.size()) {
const Response& response = mResponses.itemAt(mResponseIndex++);
int ident = response.request.ident;
if (ident >= 0) {
int fd = response.request.fd;
int events = response.events;
void* data = response.request.data;
#if DEBUG_POLL_AND_WAKE
ALOGD("%p ~ pollOnce - returning signalled identifier %d: "
"fd=%d, events=0x%x, data=%p",
this, ident, fd, events, data);
#endif
if (outFd != nullptr) *outFd = fd;
if (outEvents != nullptr) *outEvents = events;
if (outData != nullptr) *outData = data;
return ident;
}
}
//跳出for循环,不再阻塞线程
if (result != 0) {
#if DEBUG_POLL_AND_WAKE
ALOGD("%p ~ pollOnce - returning result %d", this, result);
#endif
if (outFd != nullptr) *outFd = 0;
if (outEvents != nullptr) *outEvents = 0;
if (outData != nullptr) *outData = nullptr;
return result;
}
//从epoll中读取数据
result = pollInner(timeoutMillis);
}
}
pollInner是将事件从epoll中读取出来,调用request中Callback,实现回调;处理mMessageEnvelopes中的message
int Looper::pollInner(int timeoutMillis) {
....
//读取事件
struct epoll_event eventItems[EPOLL_MAX_EVENTS];
int eventCount = epoll_wait(mEpollFd.get(), eventItems, EPOLL_MAX_EVENTS, timeoutMillis);
...
//处理事件
for (int i = 0; i < eventCount; i++) {
int fd = eventItems[i].data.fd;
uint32_t epollEvents = eventItems[i].events;
//唤醒事件处理
if (fd == mWakeEventFd.get()) {
if (epollEvents & EPOLLIN) {
awoken();
} else {
ALOGW("Ignoring unexpected epoll events 0x%x on wake event fd.", epollEvents);
}
} else {
//处理普通事件。Looper添加的事件监听都会以request的形式存在
ssize_t requestIndex = mRequests.indexOfKey(fd);
if (requestIndex >= 0) {
int events = 0;
if (epollEvents & EPOLLIN) events |= EVENT_INPUT;
if (epollEvents & EPOLLOUT) events |= EVENT_OUTPUT;
if (epollEvents & EPOLLERR) events |= EVENT_ERROR;
if (epollEvents & EPOLLHUP) events |= EVENT_HANGUP;
//将事件加入mResponses队列
pushResponse(events, mRequests.valueAt(requestIndex));
} else {
ALOGW("Ignoring unexpected epoll events 0x%x on fd %d that is "
"no longer registered.", epollEvents, fd);
}
}
}
Done: ;
// 处理MessageEnvelope消息;这个和java层的消息处理逻辑是一样的,调用message中的Handler,然后调用Handler中的handleMessage函数
mNextMessageUptime = LLONG_MAX;
while (mMessageEnvelopes.size() != 0) {
nsecs_t now = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
const MessageEnvelope& messageEnvelope = mMessageEnvelopes.itemAt(0);
if (messageEnvelope.uptime <= now) {
// Remove the envelope from the list.
// We keep a strong reference to the handler until the call to handleMessage
// finishes. Then we drop it so that the handler can be deleted *before*
// we reacquire our lock.
{ // obtain handler
sp<MessageHandler> handler = messageEnvelope.handler;
Message message = messageEnvelope.message;
mMessageEnvelopes.removeAt(0);
mSendingMessage = true;
mLock.unlock();
#if DEBUG_POLL_AND_WAKE || DEBUG_CALLBACKS
ALOGD("%p ~ pollOnce - sending message: handler=%p, what=%d",
this, handler.get(), message.what);
#endif
handler->handleMessage(message);
} // release handler
mLock.lock();
mSendingMessage = false;
result = POLL_CALLBACK;
} else {
// The last message left at the head of the queue determines the next wakeup time.
mNextMessageUptime = messageEnvelope.uptime;
break;
}
}
// Release lock.
mLock.unlock();
// 处理事件监听中的mResponses中的回调
for (size_t i = 0; i < mResponses.size(); i++) {
Response& response = mResponses.editItemAt(i);
if (response.request.ident == POLL_CALLBACK) {
int fd = response.request.fd;
int events = response.events;
void* data = response.request.data;
#if DEBUG_POLL_AND_WAKE || DEBUG_CALLBACKS
ALOGD("%p ~ pollOnce - invoking fd event callback %p: fd=%d, events=0x%x, data=%p",
this, response.request.callback.get(), fd, events, data);
#endif
// Invoke the callback. Note that the file descriptor may be closed by
// the callback (and potentially even reused) before the function returns so
// we need to be a little careful when removing the file descriptor afterwards.
int callbackResult = response.request.callback->handleEvent(fd, events, data);
if (callbackResult == 0) {
removeFd(fd, response.request.seq);
}
// Clear the callback reference in the response structure promptly because we
// will not clear the response vector itself until the next poll.
response.request.callback.clear();
result = POLL_CALLBACK;
}
}
return result;
}
Looper唤醒
Looper的唤醒很简单,就是向mWakeEventFd管道写数据就行。
void Looper::wake() {
#if DEBUG_POLL_AND_WAKE
ALOGD("%p ~ wake", this);
#endif
uint64_t inc = 1;
//TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY 重试同步调用
ssize_t nWrite = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(mWakeEventFd.get(), &inc, sizeof(uint64_t)));
if (nWrite != sizeof(uint64_t)) {
if (errno != EAGAIN) {
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Could not write wake signal to fd %d (returned %zd): %s",
mWakeEventFd.get(), nWrite, strerror(errno));
}
}
}
Looper添加监听
Looper监听很简单,就是将加入监听的对象形成一个request加入mRequest中,然后加入epoll监听
int Looper::addFd(int fd, int ident, int events, const sp<LooperCallback>& callback, void* data) {
...
{ // acquire lock
AutoMutex _l(mLock);
//构建request
Request request;
request.fd = fd;
request.ident = ident;
request.events = events;
request.seq = mNextRequestSeq++;
request.callback = callback;
request.data = data;
if (mNextRequestSeq == -1) mNextRequestSeq = 0; // reserve sequence number -1
struct epoll_event eventItem;
request.initEventItem(&eventItem);
ssize_t requestIndex = mRequests.indexOfKey(fd);
if (requestIndex < 0) {
//加入epoll监听
int epollResult = epoll_ctl(mEpollFd.get(), EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &eventItem);
if (epollResult < 0) {
ALOGE("Error adding epoll events for fd %d: %s", fd, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
mRequests.add(fd, request);
} else {
//加入epoll监听
int epollResult = epoll_ctl(mEpollFd.get(), EPOLL_CTL_MOD, fd, &eventItem);
if (epollResult < 0) {
if (errno == ENOENT) {
#if DEBUG_CALLBACKS
ALOGD("%p ~ addFd - EPOLL_CTL_MOD failed due to file descriptor "
"being recycled, falling back on EPOLL_CTL_ADD: %s",
this, strerror(errno));
#endif
epollResult = epoll_ctl(mEpollFd.get(), EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &eventItem);
if (epollResult < 0) {
ALOGE("Error modifying or adding epoll events for fd %d: %s",
fd, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
scheduleEpollRebuildLocked();
} else {
ALOGE("Error modifying epoll events for fd %d: %s", fd, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
}
mRequests.replaceValueAt(requestIndex, request);
}
} // release lock
return 1;
}
Looper添加消息
构建消息MessageEnvelopes,添加到mMessageEnvelopes
void Looper::sendMessageAtTime(nsecs_t uptime, const sp<MessageHandler>& handler,
const Message& message) {
#if DEBUG_CALLBACKS
ALOGD("%p ~ sendMessageAtTime - uptime=%" PRId64 ", handler=%p, what=%d",
this, uptime, handler.get(), message.what);
#endif
size_t i = 0;
{ // acquire lock
AutoMutex _l(mLock);
size_t messageCount = mMessageEnvelopes.size();
while (i < messageCount && uptime >= mMessageEnvelopes.itemAt(i).uptime) {
i += 1;
}
MessageEnvelope messageEnvelope(uptime, handler, message);
mMessageEnvelopes.insertAt(messageEnvelope, i, 1);
if (mSendingMessage) {
return;
}
} // release lock
if (i == 0) {
wake();
}
}