POJ 2234 Matches Game

Matches Game

Time Limit: 1000MS		Memory Limit: 65536K
Total Submissions: 9012		Accepted: 5214

Description

Here is a simple game. In this game, there are several piles of matches and two players. The two player play in turn. In each turn, one can choose a pile and take away arbitrary number of matches from the pile (Of course the number of matches, which is taken away, cannot be zero and cannot be larger than the number of matches in the chosen pile). If after a player’s turn, there is no match left, the player is the winner. Suppose that the two players are all very clear. Your job is to tell whether the player who plays first can win the game or not.

Input

The input consists of several lines, and in each line there is a test case. At the beginning of a line, there is an integer M (1 <= M <=20), which is the number of piles. Then comes M positive integers, which are not larger than 10000000. These M integers represent the number of matches in each pile.

Output

For each test case, output "Yes" in a single line, if the player who play first will win, otherwise output "No".

Sample Input

2 45 45
3 3 6 9

Sample Output

No
Yes

Source

POJ Monthly,readchild

意思是有M堆火柴 接下来M个数表示每堆的火柴数量

两人轮流从这些堆火柴中的一堆里取任意个火柴，取的火柴个数>0 && <=当前该堆火柴总数

谁不能取时 谁就输了

问第一个人能不能能赢

一开始没有思路

查题解后发现这是博弈论的一类问题

Nim问题

用异或来判断

很巧妙

挖个坑明天来补上

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好吧。。今天是8月12日 这个坑已经3个月了。。

首先A,B轮流取

如果 无论a怎么取 取完后局面对于b来说都是必胜的 那么a现在是必败的

如果 存在一种取法 a取完后 局面对于b来说是必败的 那么a现在是必胜的

好像这样就可以记忆化搜索了？但是时间复杂度太高了

还有一种利用异或的办法

(a1,a2,a3...an)

当a1^a2^a3^...^an==0时 是先手必败的

看了下证明

证局面a1^a2^a3^...^an==0时，接下来取的人会输

首先(0,0,...0)时，接下来取的人没有火柴可以取 输

当a1^a2^a3^...^an!=0时 接下来取的这个人 肯定有一种取法 使得取完后 a1^a2^a3^...^an==0

当a1^a2^a3^...^an==0时 接下来取的这个人 没有办法取完后使得a1^a2^a3^...^an==0

假设这个人在第i堆取了

则a1^a2^...^ai-1^ai+1^...^an ^ ai =0

取完后

则a1^a2^...^ai-1^ai+1^...^an ^ ai' =0

则ai=ai' 不合法

所以此时必败

所以当a1^a2^a3^...^an==0时 是先手必败的

则a1^a2^...^ai-1^ai+1^...^an ^ ai =0

当a1^a2^a3^...^an==0时 是先手必败的