Matches Game （尼姆博弈）

Here is a simple game. In this game, there are several piles of matches and two players. The two player play in turn. In each turn, one can choose a pile and take away arbitrary number of matches from the pile (Of course the number of matches, which is taken away, cannot be zero and cannot be larger than the number of matches in the chosen pile). If after a player’s turn, there is no match left, the player is the winner. Suppose that the two players are all very clear. Your job is to tell whether the player who plays first can win the game or not.
Input
The input consists of several lines, and in each line there is a test case. At the beginning of a line, there is an integer M (1 <= M <=20), which is the number of piles. Then comes M positive integers, which are not larger than 10000000. These M integers represent the number of matches in each pile.
Output
For each test case, output "Yes" in a single line, if the player who play first will win, otherwise output "No".
Sample Input
2 45 45
3 3 6 9
Sample Output
No
Yes

题意：
有M（1<=M<=20）堆火柴， 每堆火柴有多个，两个人轮流取，每次每人只能从一堆中取，每人至少取一个，最多将该堆取完，最后取完火柴的人赢，如果先取的人赢，输出Yes，否则输出No。

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int i,M,sum,num[21];
    while(scanf("%d",&M)!=EOF)
    {
        sum=0;
        for(i=0;i<M;i++)
        {
            scanf("%d",&num[i]);
            sum=sum^num[i];
        }
        if(sum==0)
            printf("No\n");
        else
            printf("Yes\n");
    }
}

 尼姆博弈（Nimm Game）：

尼姆博弈指的是这样一个博弈游戏：有任意堆物品，每堆物品的个数是任意的，双方轮流从中取物品，每一次只能从一堆物品中取部分或全部物品，最少取一件，取到最后一件物品的人获胜。

结论就是：把每堆物品数全部异或起来，如果得到的值为0，那么先手必败，否则先手必胜。

代码如下：

#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    int n,ans,temp;
    while(cin>>n)
    {
        temp=0;
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
        {
            cin>>ans;
            temp^=ans;
        }
        if(temp==0)  cout<<"后手必胜"<<endl;
        else cout<<"先手必胜"<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}