在嵌入式Linux设备上使用Flutter开发图形界面（试水）

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-20 11:51:24 发布

abigele

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-20 11:51:24 发布

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分类专栏： Flutter 文章标签： linux flutter 运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/abigele/article/details/132086036

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安装Docker

链接: https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1qE411N7aC/?spm_id_from=333.880.my_history.page.click&vd_source=0c443477abedebf2fdf7abecef55405d
我是跟着这个视频安装 Docker Desktop for Windows + 启用k8s
k8s网址
https://github.com/AliyunContainerService/k8s-for-docker-desktop

尝试交叉编译

主要步骤参照 https://www.toradex.com/zh-cn/blog/zai-qian-ru-shi-linux-she-bei-shang-shi-yong-flutter-kai-fa-tu-xing-jie-mian 网址的内容（写的很好~）

以下是我一路踩坑填坑的血泪史啦~~~~

首先一个ubuntu20.04容器

1、创建容器 flutter_build或再次进入容器

~$ docker pull ubuntu:20.04
~$ docker run -it -v /home/user/flutter:/opt/flutter --name flutter_build ubuntu:20.04 /bin/bash

上述的 /home/user/flutter是对应在本机上准备的路径，比如我在E:\workspace_E\Desker\flutter_docker新建了一个目录，即如下：

~$ docker run -it -v E:\workspace_E\Desker\flutter_docker:/opt/flutter --name flutter_build ubuntu:20.04 /bin/bash

即将E:\workspace_E\Desker\flutter_docker 映射到容器内的**/opt/flutter**下。

后续进入改容器重新编译，即输入以下命令：

~$ docker container start flutter_build
~$ docker exec -it flutter_build bash

flutter_build 就是之前创建时容器的名称，你可以在Docker看到。

2、安装所需软件

# apt update
# apt upgrade
# apt install clang cmake build-essential pkg-config libegl1-mesa-dev libxkbcommon-dev libgles2-mesa-dev
# apt install libwayland-dev wayland-protocols git curl wget unzip git
# apt install python2
# apt install virtualenv

3、下载编译工具

# mkdir -p /opt/flutter
# cd /opt/flutter
# git clone https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/tools/depot_tools.git
# export PATH=$PATH:$(pwd)/depot_tools

注意：如果

4、创建python2环境

默认的 ubuntu:20.04 使用 Python3，在容器里使用 virtualenv 创建 Python2 环境。

# virtualenv .env -p python2
# source .env/bin/activate

5、创建 .gclient文件并指定版本

# cat .gclient
solutions = [
{
  "managed": False,
  "name": "src/flutter",
  "url": "https://github.com/flutter/engine.git@bd539267b42051b0da3d16ffa8f48949dce8aa8f",
  "custom_deps": {},
  "deps_file": "DEPS",
  "safesync_url": "",
  "custom_vars" : {
    "download_android_deps" : False,
    "download_windows_deps" : False,
  },
},
]

上面的 bd539267b42051b0da3d16ffa8f48949dce8aa8f 对应 ${path_to_flutter_sdk_install}/flutter/bin/internal/engine.version，两者需要一致。如果不指定的话，会下载最新的版本。除非确实需要编译最新版本的 Engine，否则并不推荐。

我是这样做的：
进入 /opt/flutter 目录

$ cd /opt/flutter

然后使用 echo 命令和重定向操作符>来创建 .gclient文件并将第一行写入。

$ echo `solutions = ['>.gclient

然后 ls，你可以看到目录下已经生成了一个.gclient 文件
在本机对应的映射地址处用笔记本打开，直接复制上去保存即可。

最后，获取代码

$ gclient sync

6、编译embbedder

这里编译为arm64 目标 release 模式的 embedder

# cd src
# ./flutter/tools/gn --target-os linux --linux-cpu arm64 --runtime-mode release --embedder-for-target --disable-desktop-embeddings --no-build-embedder-examples
# ninja -C out/linux_release_arm64

在这里，报了不少错，以下是解决方法：
1）

(.env) root@0e5187d0fb8b:/opt/flutter/src# ./flutter/tools/gn --target-os linux --linux-cpu arm64 --runtime-mode release --embedder-for-target --disable-desktop-embeddings --no-build-embedder-examples
GOMA usage was specified but can't be found, falling back to local builds. Set the GOMA_DIR environment variable to fix GOMA.
Tried to download prebuilt Dart SDK but an appropriate version could not be found!
Either retry by running flutter/tools/download_dart_sdk.py manually or compile from source by setting `--no-prebuilt-dart-sdk` flag to tools/gn
Generating GN files in: out/linux_release_arm64
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./flutter/tools/gn", line 589, in <module>
    sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
  File "./flutter/tools/gn", line 581, in main
    gn_call_result = subprocess.call(command, cwd=SRC_ROOT)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/subprocess.py", line 340, in call
    with Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs) as p:
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/subprocess.py", line 858, in __init__
    self._execute_child(args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds,
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/subprocess.py", line 1704, in _execute_child
    raise child_exception_type(errno_num, err_msg, err_filename)
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/opt/flutter/src/flutter/third_party/gn/gn'

User
(.env) root@0e5187d0fb8b:/opt/flutter/src# ninja -C out/linux_release_arm64
depot_tools/ninja.py: Could not find Ninja in the third_party of the current project, nor in your PATH.
Please take one of the following actions to install Ninja:
- If your project has DEPS, add a CIPD Ninja dependency to DEPS.
- Otherwise, add Ninja to your PATH *after* depot_tools.

解决方法：

$ apt-get update
$ apt-get install ninja-build

(.env) root@0e5187d0fb8b:/opt/flutter/src# ninja -C out/linux_release_arm64
ninja: Entering directory `out/linux_release_arm64'
ninja: error: loading 'build.ninja': No such file or directory

解决方法：
1、首先需要确定GN是否已经运行并成功生成了build.ninja。你可以通过在out/linux_release_arm64目录中运行ls命令来查看文件是否存在。
2、如果build.ninja文件不存在，需要运行GN来生成它。可以在src目录下运行如下的GN命令：

./flutter/tools/gn --target-os linux --linux-cpu arm64 --runtime-mode release --embedder-for-target --disable-desktop-embeddings --no-build-embedder-examples

这个命令告诉GN为ARM64架构的Linux生成Flutter Engine 的发布版。
3、运行完GN命令后，你应该可以在out/linux_release_arm64目录下看到build.ninja文件。这是，可以再次运行Ninja开始构建：

$ ninja -C out/linux_release_arm64

(.env) root@0e5187d0fb8b:/opt/flutter/src# ./flutter/tools/gn --target-os linux --linux-cpu arm64 --runtime-mode release --embedder-for-target --disable-desktop-embeddings --no-build-embedder-examples
GOMA usage was specified but can't be found, falling back to local builds. Set the GOMA_DIR environment variable to fix GOMA.
Using prebuilt Dart SDK binary. If you are editing Dart sources and wish to compile the Dart SDK, set `--no-prebuilt-dart-sdk`.
Generating GN files in: out/linux_release_arm64
ERROR at //build/config/linux/pkg_config.gni:103:17: Script returned non-zero exit code.
    pkgresult = exec_script(pkg_config_script, args, "value")
                ^----------
Current dir: /opt/flutter/src/out/linux_release_arm64/
Command: python3 /opt/flutter/src/build/config/linux/pkg-config.py -s /opt/flutter/src/build/linux/debian_sid_arm64-sysroot -a arm64 freetype2
Returned 1.
stderr:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/opt/flutter/src/build/config/linux/pkg-config.py", line 249, in <module>
    sys.exit(main())
  File "/opt/flutter/src/build/config/linux/pkg-config.py", line 144, in main
    prefix = GetPkgConfigPrefixToStrip(options, args)
  File "/opt/flutter/src/build/config/linux/pkg-config.py", line 82, in GetPkgConfigPrefixToStrip
    prefix = subprocess.check_output([options.pkg_config,
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/subprocess.py", line 415, in check_output
    return run(*popenargs, stdout=PIPE, timeout=timeout, check=True,
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/subprocess.py", line 493, in run
    with Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs) as process:
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/subprocess.py", line 858, in __init__
    self._execute_child(args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds,
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/subprocess.py", line 1704, in _execute_child
    raise child_exception_type(errno_num, err_msg, err_filename)
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'pkg-config'

See //build/config/linux/BUILD.gn:30:1: whence it was called.
pkg_config("freetype2") {
^------------------------
See //build/config/BUILDCONFIG.gn:357:33: which caused the file to be included.
  _native_compiler_configs += [ "//build/config/linux:sdk" ]
                                ^-------------------------

解决方法：

$ apt-get update
$ apt-get install pkg-config
$ apt-get install libfreetype6-dev

GOMA usage was specified but can't be found, falling back to local builds. Set the GOMA_DIR environment variable to fix GOMA.
Using prebuilt Dart SDK binary. If you are editing Dart sources and wish to compile the Dart SDK, set `--no-prebuilt-dart-sdk`.
Generating GN files in: out/linux_release_arm64

上述表示已经成功地通过了 gn生成步骤。生成GN文件是构建过程的一部分，这些文件指导了下一步的构建过程。在这个步骤，你可能看到有关GOMA的警告，但你可以暂时忽略它，因为它主要用于加速构建过程。

接下来，可以运行下面的命令构建代码：

ninja -C out/linux_release_arm64

请注意，构建过程可能需要一些时间，并且可能会需要大量的磁盘空间。在构建完成后，你应该会在 out/linux_release_arm64 目录下看到你的构建结果。

ERROR at //build/config/linux/pkg_config.gni:103:17: Script returned non-zero exit code.
    pkgresult = exec_script(pkg_config_script, args, "value")
                ^----------
Current dir: /opt/flutter/src/out/linux_release_arm64/
Command: python3 /opt/flutter/src/build/config/linux/pkg-config.py -s /opt/flutter/src/build/linux/debian_sid_arm64-sysroot -a arm64 freetype2
Returned 1.

解决方法：
还是因为环境中没有找到pkg-config,

apt-get update
apt-get install pkg-config
apt-get install libfreetype6-dev

第二步创建一个arm64的容器

1、选择合适的镜像

在这里插入图片描述
这是我选的镜像，其他的都尝试了几个都有不同程度的bug，有更好的话，请评论推荐哈~~

2、创建Container

首先同样在本机创建一个文件夹作为映射地址
在这里插入图片描述

$ docker run -it -v E:\workspace_E\Desker\torizon\workspace:/opt/workspace torizon/arm64v8-debian-base /bin/bash

3、在容器中安装所需的软件

# apt update
# apt install clang cmake build-essential pkg-config libegl1-mesa-dev libxkbcommon-dev libgles2-mesa-dev
# apt install unzip git
# apt install curl wget
# apt install libwayland-dev wayland-protocols
# apt install libdrm-dev libgbm-dev libinput-dev libudev-dev libsystemd-dev

4、下载 `flutter-embedded-linux`代码

# cd /opt/workspace
# git clone https://github.com/sony/flutter-embedded-linux.git
# cd flutter-embedded-linux/
# mkdir build

5、编译生成 `flutter-client`和`libflutter_elinux_wayland.so`两个文件

参照网址：https://github.com/sony/flutter-embedded-linux/wiki/Building-Embedded-Linux-embedding-for-Flutter

# cd build
# cmake -DUSER_PROJECT_PATH=examples/flutter-wayland-client -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..
# cmake -DUSER_PROJECT_PATH=examples/flutter-wayland-client -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_ELINUX_SO=ON -DBACKEND_TYPE=WAYLAND -DENABLE_ELINUX_EMBEDDER_LOG=OFF -DFLUTTER_RELEASE=ON ..
# cmake --build .

很好，目前最大的坑来了，只生成了libflutter_elinux_wayland.so文件，并没有生成flutter-client文件~
正在找问题在哪里~~

第三步交叉编译

1、回到`flutter_build`容器

$ docker exec -it flutter_build bash

2、下载 ``flutter-elinux.

这个是Flutter SDK

$ cd /opt/flutter/
$ git clone https://github.com/sony/flutter-elinux
$ export PATH=$PATH:/opt/flutter/flutter-elinux/bin

运行下面命令查看安装情况

$ flutter-elinux doctor
$ flutter-elinux devices

3、创建一个示例工程

$ flutter-elinux create demo1
$ cd demo1

4、复制并打包

在本机上cmd上

$ docker ps -a

在这里插入图片描述

$ docker cp ce88db40402c:/ arm64-sysroot
$ tar cvf arm64-sysroot.tar arm64-sysroot

注意打包的路径，找到 arm64-sysroot.tar 复制到 flutter_build 容器中。

5、解压

$ cd /opt/flutter
$ tar vxf arm64-sysroot.tar

6、编译

$ cd demo1
$ flutter-elinux build elinux --target-arch=arm64 --target-sysroot=/opt/flutter/arm64-sysroot --target-compiler-triple=aarch64-linux-gnu

编译结束查看 build/elinux/arm64/release/bundle，这里是 Flutter app 运行所需的所以文件。

$ tree build/elinux/arm64/release/bundle -L 2

在这里插入图片描述
后面还在尝试中~~