fstream 存取文件以及get()和getline()的区别

取自C++编程思想的源码

require.h 一些小的内联函数

   1:  #ifndef REQUIRE_H

   2:  #define REQUIRE_H

   3:  #include <cstdio>

   4:  #include <cstdlib>

   5:  #include <fstream>

   6:   

   7:  inline void require(bool requirement, 

   8:    const char* msg = "Requirement failed") {

   9:    using namespace std;

  10:    if (!requirement) {

  11:      fputs(msg, stderr);

  12:      fputs("\n", stderr);

  13:      exit(1);

  14:    }

  15:  }

  16:   

  17:  inline void requireArgs(int argc, int args, 

  18:    const char* msg = "Must use %d arguments") {

  19:    using namespace std;

  20:     if (argc != args + 1) {

  21:       fprintf(stderr, msg, args);

  22:       fputs("\n", stderr);

  23:       exit(1);

  24:     }

  25:  }

  26:   

  27:  inline void requireMinArgs(int argc, int minArgs,

  28:    const char* msg = 

  29:      "Must use at least %d arguments") {

  30:    using namespace std;

  31:    if(argc < minArgs + 1) {

  32:      fprintf(stderr, msg, minArgs);

  33:      fputs("\n", stderr);

  34:      exit(1);

  35:    }

  36:  }

  37:    

  38:  inline void assure(std::ifstream& in, 

  39:    const char* filename = "") {

  40:    using namespace std;

  41:    if(!in) {

  42:      fprintf(stderr,

  43:        "Could not open file %s\n", filename);

  44:      exit(1);

  45:    }

  46:  }

  47:   

  48:  inline void assure(std::ofstream& in, 

  49:    const char* filename = "") {

  50:    using namespace std;

  51:    if(!in) {

  52:      fprintf(stderr,

  53:        "Could not open file %s\n", filename);

  54:      exit(1);

  55:    }

  56:  }

每次创建ifstream和ofstream都会有assure()函数来确保文件成功打开。

get()或者读取sz-1个字符或者遇到文件为’\n’然后在buf尾部加0终结符。get()会把文件内遇到终结符留在输入流中，所以需要使用get()将终结符扔掉。也可以使用ignore()函数来做这个事情，第一个参数是要扔掉的字符数，默认为1，第二个参数是要扔掉的字符，默认是EOF。

getline()函数自动把输入流中的’\n’取消掉了。所以下次可以直接读取输入流中的数据，一般使用geiline().

get和getline都在读取后在buf的尾部加了一个字符串结尾终结符‘0’。

   1:  #include "../require.h"

   2:  #include <fstream>  

   3:  #include <iostream>

   4:  using namespace std;

   5:   

   6:  int main() {

   7:    const int sz = 100; // Buffer size;

   8:    char buf[sz];

   9:    {

  10:      ifstream in("Strfile.cpp"); // Read

  11:      assure(in, "Strfile.cpp"); // Verify open

  12:      ofstream out("Strfile.out"); // Write

  13:      assure(out, "Strfile.out");

  14:      int i = 1; // Line counter

  15:   

  16:      // A less-convenient approach for line input:

  17:      while(in.get(buf, sz)) { // Leaves \n in input

  18:        in.get(); // Throw away next character (\n)

  19:        cout << buf << endl; // Must add \n

  20:        // File output just like standard I/O:

  21:        out << i++ << ": " << buf << endl;

  22:      }

  23:    } // Destructors close in & out

  24:   

  25:    ifstream in("Strfile.out");

  26:    assure(in, "Strfile.out");

  27:    // More convenient line input:

  28:    while(in.getline(buf, sz)) { // Removes \n

  29:      char* cp = buf;

  30:      while(*cp != ':')

  31:        cp++;

  32:      cp += 2; // Past ": "

  33:      cout << cp << endl; // Must still add \n

  34:    }

  35:  } ///:~

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/pang1567/p/3990058.html