Python MACOS ImportError: Unable to find zbar shared library

问题描述

在运行

from pyzbar.pyzbar import decode

的时候报错：

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImportError                               Traceback (most recent call last)
/var/folders/k0/4p98b7gn5cxc60_kvmtm31840000gn/T/ipykernel_59027/853365792.py in <module>
      3 
      4 # Function used to decode QR Codes. Yuri reported that it doesn't import for Apple M1 computers
----> 5 from pyzbar.pyzbar import decode

~/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pyzbar/pyzbar.py in <module>
      5 from .locations import bounding_box, convex_hull, Point, Rect
      6 from .pyzbar_error import PyZbarError
----> 7 from .wrapper import (
      8     zbar_image_scanner_set_config,
      9     zbar_image_scanner_create, zbar_image_scanner_destroy,

~/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pyzbar/wrapper.py in <module>
    137 
    138 
--> 139 zbar_version = zbar_function(
    140     'zbar_version',
    141     c_int,

~/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pyzbar/wrapper.py in zbar_function(fname, restype, *args)
    134     """
    135     prototype = CFUNCTYPE(restype, *args)
--> 136     return prototype((fname, load_libzbar()))
    137 
    138 

~/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pyzbar/wrapper.py in load_libzbar()
    113     global EXTERNAL_DEPENDENCIES
    114     if not LIBZBAR:
--> 115         libzbar, dependencies = zbar_library.load()
    116         LIBZBAR = libzbar
    117         EXTERNAL_DEPENDENCIES = [LIBZBAR] + dependencies

~/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pyzbar/zbar_library.py in load()
     63         path = find_library('zbar')
     64         if not path:
---> 65             raise ImportError('Unable to find zbar shared library')
     66         libzbar = cdll.LoadLibrary(path)
     67         dependencies = []

ImportError: Unable to find zbar shared library

解决方法

通过阅读报错信息，了解到需要安装zbar库。

Step1: 安装Homebrew

命令：

/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

因为本人的电脑已经安装过Homebrew，这一过程中会遇到的问题还需自行解决。安装过程通常需要比较长的时间。

Step2：用Homebrew安装zbar

brew install zbar

报错：

==> Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/zbar-0.23.90_1.arm6
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Installing dependencies for zbar: freetype, fontconfig, jbig2dec, jpeg, libidn, libtiff, little-cms2, openjpeg, ghostscript, aom, libde265, libffi, pcre, gdbm, mpdecimal, ca-certificates, openssl@1.1, readline, sqlite, xz, python@3.9, glib, docbook, docbook-xsl, gnu-getopt, xmlto, shared-mime-info, x265, libheif, liblqr, libomp, m4, libtool, imath, openexr, webp, imagemagick, jasper, dcraw and ufraw
==> Installing zbar dependency: freetype
==> Pouring freetype-2.11.0.arm64_big_sur.bottle.tar.gz
Error: No such file or directory @ rb_sysopen - /Users/ XXX/Library/Caches/Homebrew/downloads/4e2d36fc8776a66b63b4876891ef8bbe2012bde1b289c01bd7acdfd371220376--freetype-2.11.0.arm64_big_sur.bottle.tar.gz

解决方法：

brew update
Brew upgrade

然后再运行，一次不行再来一次，成功截图：

Step3：更改环境变量

open ~/.zshrc

把文件中anaconda的路径从：

export PATH="/opt/anaconda3/bin:$PATH")

改成

export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/python/libexec/bin:$PATH"

保存后使文件生效：

source ~/.zshrc  

Step4：安装pyenv 版本控制工具

brew install pyenv

成功：

Step5：用pyenv安装Python 3.9:

pyenv install 3.9.10

把本地项目文件夹环境设置为Python3.9：
cd 到想设置的项目文件夹：

pyenv local 3.9.10

Step6：用Homebrew再次安装jupyter notebook:

brew install jupyter

jupyter notebook打开方式：

jupyter notebook