Spring依赖注入

Spring依赖注入

依赖注入：

• 依赖：所有对象的创建依赖spring容器。
• 注入：对象的属性值由spring容器注入。

1.构造器注入

有参构造方法传参的方式注入。

1.1 实体类：

package com.cj.pojo;

public class User2 {
    private int id;
    private String name;

    public User2(int id, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User2{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

1.2配置注入文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

<!--	有参构造初始化对象方式一：使用参数索引-->
    <bean id="user2" class="com.cj.pojo.User2">
        <constructor-arg index="0" value="0"/>
        <constructor-arg index="1" value="wcj"/>
    </bean>

<!--    有参构造初始化对象方式二：使用参数类型自动匹配,不建议使用-->
    <bean id="user2" class="com.cj.pojo.User2">
        <constructor-arg type="int" value="1"/>
        <constructor-arg type="String" value="wcj1"/>
    </bean>

<!--    有参构造初始化对象方式三：使用参数名-->
    <bean id="user2" class="com.cj.pojo.User2">
        <constructor-arg name="id" value="2"/>
        <constructor-arg name="name" value="wcj2"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

2.set方法注入

2.1实体类

Student类：

package com.cj.pojo;

import java.util.*;

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbys;
    private Map<String, String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    private Properties info;
    private String wife;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", address=" + address.toString() +
                ", books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +
                ", hobbys=" + hobbys +
                ", card=" + card +
                ", games=" + games +
                ", info=" + info +
                ", wife='" + wife + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String[] getBooks() {
        return books;
    }

    public void setBooks(String[] books) {
        this.books = books;
    }

    public List<String> getHobbys() {
        return hobbys;
    }

    public void setHobbys(List<String> hobbys) {
        this.hobbys = hobbys;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getCard() {
        return card;
    }

    public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
        this.card = card;
    }

    public Set<String> getGames() {
        return games;
    }

    public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
        this.games = games;
    }

    public Properties getInfo() {
        return info;
    }

    public void setInfo(Properties info) {
        this.info = info;
    }

    public String getWife() {
        return wife;
    }

    public void setWife(String wife) {
        this.wife = wife;
    }
}

Address类：

package com.cj.pojo;

public class Address {
    private String address;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return '\''+ address + '\'' ;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
}

2.2配置注入文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="address" class="com.cj.pojo.Address">
        <property name="address" value="中国-中南海"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="student" class="com.cj.pojo.Student">
<!--        普通值注入-->
        <property name="name" value="文长江"/>
<!--        Bean注入-->
        <property name="address" ref="address"/>
<!--        数组注入-->
        <property name="books">
            <array>
                <value>红楼梦</value>
                <value>西游记</value>
                <value>三国演义</value>
            </array>
        </property>
<!--        List注入-->
        <property name="hobbys">
            <list>
                <value>听歌</value>
                <value>打游戏</value>
                <value>看书</value>
            </list>
        </property>
<!--        Map注入-->
        <property name="card">
            <map>
                <entry key="身份证" value="1111111"/>
                <entry key="学号" value="201732344"/>
            </map>
        </property>
<!--        Set注入-->
        <property name="games">
            <set>
                <value>csgo</value>
                <value>LOL</value>
                <value>PUBG</value>
            </set>
        </property>
<!--        null注入，注意""是无法替代null的-->
        <property name="wife">
            <null/>
        </property>
<!--        properties注入-->
        <property name="info">
            <props>
                <prop key="年龄">18</prop>
                <prop key="性别">男</prop>
                <prop key="成绩">合格</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

2.3测试类：

import com.cj.pojo.Student;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
        System.out.println(student.toString());
    }
}

2.4输出结果：

Student{name='长江', address='中国-中南海', books=[红楼梦, 西游记, 三国演义], hobbys=[听歌, 打游戏, 看书], card={身份证=1111111, 学号=201732344}, games=[csgo, LOL, PUBG], info={性别=男, 成绩=合格, 年龄=18}, wife='null'}

3.其他方式注入

3.1 p命名空间注入

本质是通过set注入，其实p相当于<property>标签

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="user0" class="com.cj.pojo.User" p:name="某人" p:age="18"/>
</beans>

3.2 c命名空间注入

本质是通过构造器注入，必须要有无参构造器和有参构造器。其实p相当于<constructor-arg>标签

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="user1" class="com.cj.pojo.User" c:name="长江" c:age="18"/>
</beans>