现在完成式

现在完成式形式=> have/has +p.p 关键字呢？？？？？？？？

He has been(p.p) busy(adj.) since  yeasterday。他从昨天到现在一直很忙。

He  has studied for（持续） two days.

现在完成式的否定句及疑问句

肯定句=>主词+ have/has(助动词) + p.p 此时(后接p.p所以have/has 是助动词)的have/has 没有解释(因为是助动词)

疑问句=> Have/Has + 主词 + p.p

否定句=>主词+ have not /has not +pp

例子

肯=> He has heard a lot of Mr.Li. （heard ... of +人； 听说关于某人的事情）

否=> He has not(=hasn't) heard a lot of Mr.Li.

疑=> Has he heard a lot of Mr.Li.

答句：

Yes, he has (heard a lot of Mr,Li).

No,he has not(=hasn't) heard a lot of Mr.Li.

现在完成式的使用时机。

持续

I began to learn English three years ago。

I have learned English for (three years) /since three years ago.

for /since的差别在哪里。

for(介系词) + 时间长度

since（介系词、连接词） + 时间起点   /过去式时间、过去式句子

We have known each other for   ten years.

we have known each other since ten years ago.

we have known each other since we were children.

好久不见。↓↓↓

   I haven't seen you for a long time.

                                   for years/ages.

it has been a long time since I last saw you.

it  is a long time since I last saw you.

当主词 为it 代替的是时间时。 现在完成时 可以用 is 代表 has been

Long time no see.(口语)

其他副词：all day ， these days(最近) , lately(最近) recently（最近）. aways(一直), this week （这周）

例：

 I have（助动词）  had a headache all day  (long) 我头痛了一天。

得了什么病 have  a(只能用冠词 a) + （病）

how long （多久） 疑问句

How long has he  played the  piann？ 弹钢琴多久了？  For two hours. 两个小时

比较 how long  多久 和 how often 多久一次

How long have you lived in taipei?

We have lived in Taipei for 10 years/since 1994.

How often do you go to a beauty parlor?  beauty parlour(美容院)

Once a week.

表示完成的副词

already（已经） have/has already + P.P.  用在疑问句 表示惊讶。

just (刚才)  have/has  just + P.P.

yet （尚；还） havn't yet +P.P. 用于否定疑问句

其他副词 today ;this morning ,lately(最近),recently(最近), now .... 等等。

例：

The train for Kanhsiung（高雄）has already arrived. 往高雄的火车已经到了。

I have just read the that comic book .我刚读过那本漫画。读书  用 read that book

Have you found my digital camera yet?你找到我的数码相机了吗？

No ,I havn't found /No , not yet.

比较： just (刚才) 现在完成式 ，过去式

just now 过去式（刚才） ；现在式（此刻，现在）； 未来式（马上；立刻）；

例1.Tom came in just now; hes probably upstairs.

2 、He is just now answering the call. 他此刻正在接电话

3、I'II do it just now. 他正在做什么

（3）经验

表示经验的副词

1 、ever，never，often 等等

2、once ，twice ...... times, before.

例：你曾经见过故宫博物院么？

Do you ever visit Natianal Palace in your free time?//此举翻译不完整 。