使用Arduino的自动药物提醒

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-18 00:26:46 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-18 00:26:46 发布

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分类专栏： # Arduino 项目

原文链接：https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/arduino-medicine-reminder

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原文：https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/arduino-medicine-reminder

使用Arduino的自动药物提醒

ARDUINO PROJECTS

经过**阿比曼尤·潘迪(Abhiemanyu Pandit)** 2019年1月22日
在这里插入图片描述使用Arduino的医学提醒

对于我们所爱的人,我们始终希望保持他们的健康和健康。但是,如果他们生病而忘记按时吃药,将会发生什么。我们会担心,对吗？在医院里,有很多病人,很难提醒每个病人准时吃药。传统方式需要人工来提醒他们按时服药。数字时代并没有随之而来,我们可以使用机器来做到这一点。Smart Medicine Reminder的应用范围非常广泛,可以被家庭患者,医院的医生以及许多其他地方使用。关于提醒,可以有多种提醒方法：

在显示器上显示
通过电子邮件或电话发送通知
使用行动应用程式
蜂鸣警报
使用蓝牙/ Wi-Fi
接电话
提醒下一次服药时间,同时提醒当前时间

我们可以根据需要结合多种方式。为了使事情简单,我们使用Arduino创建了一个简单的药品提醒,提醒我们每天服用1或2或3次药物。可以使用按钮选择时隙。此外,它还显示当前的日期和时间。我们将其进一步扩展到IoT项目传入的文章,在该文章中,电子邮件或SMS通知将发送给用户。该用药提醒也可以与患者监测系统集成。

使用Arduino的自动药物提醒所需的组件

Arduino Uno(我们也可以使用其他Arduino开发板,例如Pro mini,Nano)
RTC DS3231模块
16x2 LCD显示屏
蜂鸣器
LED(任何颜色)
面包板
按按钮
10K电位器
10K,1K电阻器
跳线

使用Arduino Circuit的Arduino Medicine提醒

下面显示了 使用Arduino构建智能药箱的完整电路图
在这里插入图片描述
以下是Arduino与不同外设的引脚连接

Arduino****引脚外围引脚

2 -----------------------------> Dx的16x2 LCD显示屏
3 -----------------------------> D6的16x2 LCD显示屏
4 -----------------------------> D5的16x2 LCD显示屏
5 -----------------------------> D4的16x2 LCD显示屏
7 ----------------------------->第三个按钮
8 ----------------------------->第二个按钮
9 ----------------------------->第一个按钮
11 -----------------------------> 16x2 LCD显示屏的EN引脚
12 -----------------------------> 16x2 LCD显示器的RS引脚
13 -----------------------------> +蜂鸣器和LED的Ve引脚
A0 ----------------------------->停止按钮
A4 -----------------------------> DS3231的SDA
A5 -----------------------------> DS3231的SCL
3.3V -----------------------------> DS3231的Vcc
Gnd ----------------------------->Gnd

在此医学提醒项目中,RTC DS3231通过I2C协议与Arduino Uno接口。您还可以使用 RTC IC DS1307与Arduino读取时间。RTC DS3231还具有内置的32k存储器,可用于存储其他数据。RTC模块通过Arduino uno的3.3V引脚供电。甲16×2 LCD显示器使用SPI接口。一个buzze R用于警示和提醒,它的时间服药。四个按钮用于每个都有独特选择功能的地方。第一个按钮用于提醒每天服药一次。第二个按钮每天提醒两次,第三个按钮每天提醒三次。当用户听到警报时,第四个按钮用于停止蜂鸣器。

自动药品提示系统的工作

该丸提醒警报使用5V电源供电。当它第一次启动时,它会显示一个欢迎按摩,如" Welcome to Circuit Digest “。LCD屏幕设置为在三个屏幕之间循环。1个ST屏幕显示按摩为"保持健康,早日康复”。第二个屏幕是一个帮助屏幕,告诉您按选择按钮以选择任何一个要提醒的时间段(一天一次/两次/三次)。该时隙可在程序中更改,并可进行相应配置。现在,我们将其固定为三个时段,即上午8点,下午2点和晚上8点。

我们将时隙分为三种模式。模式1用于选择吃药一次/天在早上8时,用户按下1个ST按钮。当用户按下第二个按钮时,模式2选择每天两次在上午8点和晚上8点服药。模式3个选择吃药三次/天上午8点,下午2点和下午8点,如果用户按压3次按钮。
在这里插入图片描述
我们还可以添加一项功能,使蜂鸣器暂停10分钟(此项目不包括此功能)。当用户通过按下按钮选择所需的插槽时,将记录用户输入,并从RTC中获取时间。当时间与选定的时隙匹配时,蜂鸣器开始蜂鸣。用户可以通过按"停止"按钮来停止蜂鸣器。下一个插槽提醒将继续相同的过程。本节末尾的视频中显示了完整的过程。

编程Arduino UNO进行医学提醒

一旦想到了提醒服用药丸的方法,编写程序就非常容易。此处将在显示屏上显示提醒,对蜂鸣器进行蜂鸣并使用LED进行指示。它还具有选择三个时隙(每天一次/两次/三次)的选项,并且当时间到时将开始通过蜂鸣器的蜂鸣来提醒患者。然后整个系统将如下所示：

用户在显示屏上获得帮助说明>用户选择时隙(一次/天,两次/天,三次/天)>在显示屏上显示确认消息>计时开始>当时间与用户选择的时隙相匹配时蜂鸣器和LED响起>用户停止按下停止按钮>结束

如果要添加更多功能,我们可以更改程序和硬件。为了以更简单的方式理解,我们将程序分解为小功能。这些功能易于理解和实现。完整的程序在该项目的末尾给出。让我们从程序开始。

由于我们使用了其他外设,例如16x2 LCD显示器,RTC DS3231,因此我们首先必须包含库f或那个库。所需的库如下：

<LiquidCrystal.h>   
<RTClib.h>(https://github.com/adafruit/RTClib)
<EEPROM.h> 
<Wire.h>

如果未打开Arduino,则EEPROM库用于跟踪用户选择输入。而且,当用户打开Arduino电源时,它会使用EEPROM库获得按钮的先前状态。之所以使用Wire.h库,是因为RTC DS3231模块是使用I2C进行通信的。

始终检查RTC接线是否正确或是否已损坏,因为RTC在整个提醒系统的计时中将发挥重要作用。

  if(！rtc.begin()){//检查rtc是否已连接
    Serial.println("找不到RTC"); 
    while(1); 
  }
if(rtc.lostPower()){ 
    Serial.println(" RTC掉电,请设置时间！"); 
  }

时间调整可以通过两种方式完成,要么自动使用系统编译时间,要么手动输入。设置时间后,除非您想再次更改RTC时间,否则请注释以下几行。

rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(__ DATE__),F(__ TIME__)));        
//rtc.adjust(DateTime(2019,1,10,7,59,52));

该**switch语句用于读取按钮的先前保存状态,**并在适当和准确的提醒时间恢复该状态。

val2 = EEPROM.read(addr); //读取先前保存的按钮值,从先前保留的位置开始进行
  switch(val2){
    case 1：
      Serial.println("Set for 1 / day"); 
      push1state = 1; 
      push2state = 0; 
      push3state = 0; 
      pushVal = 01; 
      break; 

    case 2：
      Serial.println(" Set for 2 / day");
      push1state = 0; 
      push2state = 1; 
      push3state = 0;
      pushVal = 10; 
      break; 
   
    case 3：
      Serial.println(" Set for 3 / day")
      push1state = 0; 
      push2state = 0; 
      push3state = 1;
      pushVal = 11; 
      break; 
  }

此语句用于使毫秒数用于定时和控制已定义的间隔屏幕循环。

currentMillisLCD = millis(); //在定义的时间间隔内启动毫秒以进行LCD屏幕切换

开始读取连接到按钮的数字引脚。

push1state = digitalRead(push1pin);                  
push2state = digitalRead(push2pin); 
push3state = digitalRead(push3pin); 
stopinState = digitalRead(stopPin);

以下功能用于读取按钮状态并将其写入EEPROM。每当按下按钮时,状态就会写入EEPROM。它还在所选用户输入选项的LCD显示屏上打印消息。类似地,使用函数push2()和push3()。

void push1(){//
  if(push1state == 1){ 
    push1state = 0; 
    push2state = 0; 
    push3state = 0; 
// pushPressed = true; 
    EEPROM.write(addr,1); 
    Serial.print(" Push1 Written："); Serial.println(EEPROM.read(addr)); //用于调试
    pushVal = 1; //保存按钮1的状态
    lcd.clear(); 
    lcd.setCursor(0,0); 
    lcd.print(" Reminder set"); 
    lcd.setCursor(0,1); 
    lcd.print("每天一次！"); 
    delay(1200); 
    lcd.clear(); 
  } 
}

以下功能用于停止蜂鸣器和指示灯。提出建议总是好的。在"用温水服药"显示屏上打印建议消息。

void stopPins(){//

  if(stopinState == 1)
用户按下停止按钮时停止嗡嗡声的功能{ // stopinState = 0; 
// pushPressed = true; 
    pushval= 1; 
    lcd.clear(); 
    lcd.setCursor(0,0); 
    lcd.print(" Take Medicine"); 
    lcd.setCursor(0,1); 
    lcd.print("带温水"); 
    delay(1200); 
    lcd.clear(); 
  } 
}

以下功能与计时无关,但始终在三个屏幕上循环,这对用户有帮助。由于我们一直在照顾患者,因此请打印问候语,因为我们知道情感支持对于更快地治愈患者非常有帮助。您可以选择自己的创意信息。让我们打印一条消息,“保持健康,早日康复”。

第二个屏幕用于向患者发出指示,例如"按提醒按钮…"。 第三个屏幕仅用于显示当前日期和时间。

void changeScreen() {                 //function for Screen Cycling

  // Start switching screen every defined intervalLCD
  if (currentMillisLCD - previousMillisLCD > intervalLCD)             // save the last time you changed the display
  {
    previousMillisLCD = currentMillisLCD;
    screens++;
    if (screens > maxScreen) {
      screens = 0;  // all screens over -> start from 1st
    }
    isScreenChanged = true;
  }

  // Start displaying current screen
  if (isScreenChanged)   // only update the screen if the screen is changed.
  {
    isScreenChanged = false; // reset for next iteration
    switch (screens)
    {
      case getWellsoon:
        gwsMessege();                // get well soon message
        break;
      case HELP_SCREEN:              
        helpScreen();               // instruction screen
        break;
      case TIME_SCREEN:
        timeScreen();                  // to print date and time
        break;
      default:
        //NOT SET.
        break;
    }
  }
}

如果已达到所选时间,则此功能可用于同时开始蜂鸣和LED闪烁。

void startBuzz() {                    // function to start buzzing when time reaches to defined interval
//  if (pushPressed == false) {
 
if (pushpressed == 0) {
    Serial.println("pushpressed is false in blink");
    unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
    
if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= interval) {
      previousMillis = currentMillis;         // save the last time you blinked the LED
      Serial.println("Start Buzzing");
      
if (ledState == LOW) {                  // if the LED is off turn it on and vice-versa:
        ledState = HIGH;
      }  else {
        ledState = LOW;
      }
      digitalWrite(ledPin, ledState);
    }
  }
  
else if (pushpressed == 1) {
    Serial.println("pushpressed is true");
    ledState = LOW;
    digitalWrite(ledPin, ledState);
  }
}

*此功能用于比较用户在上午8点选择的时隙,并开始蜂鸣蜂鸣器并使LED闪烁,直到用户按下停止按钮为止。类似地,*void at2pm()* 和void at8pm的***功能用于启动蜂鸣器,并在2pm和8pm引导。

void at8am(){//函数从上午8点开始嗡嗡声
  DateTime now = rtc.now(); 
  if(int(now.hour())> = buzz8amHH){ 
    if(int(now.minute())> = buzz8amMM){ 
      if(int(now.second())> buzz8amSS){ 
        // /// 
        startBuzz() ; 
        / /// 
      } 
    } 
  } 
}

这是您可以使用Arduino简单地制作自己的自动药品提醒的方法。您还可以将ESP8266与Arduino结合使用,使其成为一个IoT项目,该项目将能够向用户发送电子邮件警报。

完整的代码和演示视频如下。

代码

//Medicine Reminder using Arduino Uno
// Reminds to take medicine at 8am, 2pm, 8pm 
/*  The circuit:
   LCD RS pin to digital pin 12
   LCD Enable pin to digital pin 11
   LCD D4 pin to digital pin 5
   LCD D5 pin to digital pin 4
   LCD D6 pin to digital pin 3
   LCD D7 pin to digital pin 2
   LCD R/W pin to ground
   LCD VSS pin to ground
   LCD VCC pin to 5V
   10K resistor:
   ends to +5V and ground
   wiper to LCD VO pin (pin 3)*/

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <RTClib.h>
#include <EEPROM.h>

int pushVal = 0;                           
int val;
int val2;
int addr = 0;

RTC_DS3231 rtc;

const int rs = 12, en = 11, d4 = 5, d5 = 4, d6 = 3, d7 = 2;                 // lcd pins
LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);

#define getWellsoon 0                                           
#define HELP_SCREEN 1
#define TIME_SCREEN 2

//bool pushPressed;                               //flag to keep track of push button state 
int pushpressed = 0;
const int ledPin =  LED_BUILTIN;                        // buzzer and led pin
int ledState = LOW;
int Signal = 0;

int buzz = 13;                                      
int push1state, push2state, push3state, stopinState = 0;     // 
int push1Flag, push2Flag, Push3Flag = false;              // push button flags 
int push1pin = 9;
int push2pin = 8;
int push3pin = 7;
int stopPin = A0;
int screens = 0;              // screen to show
int maxScreen = 2;            // screen count
bool isScreenChanged = true;

long previousMillis = 0;           
long interval = 500;                   // buzzing interval
unsigned long currentMillis;

long previousMillisLCD = 0;    // for LCD screen update
long intervalLCD = 2000;          // Screen cycling interval
unsigned long currentMillisLCD;

//   Set Reminder Change Time
int buzz8amHH = 8;          //    HH - hours         ##Set these for reminder time in 24hr Format 
int buzz8amMM = 00;          //    MM - Minute
int buzz8amSS = 00;          //    SS - Seconds

int buzz2pmHH = 14;          //    HH - hours
int buzz2pmMM = 00;          //    MM - Minute
int buzz2pmSS = 00;          //    SS - Seconds

int buzz8pmHH = 20;          //    HH - hours
int buzz8pmMM = 00;          //    MM - Minute
int buzz8pmSS = 00;          //    SS - Seconds

int nowHr, nowMin, nowSec;                     // to show current mm,hh,ss

// All messeges
void gwsMessege(){               // print get well soon messege
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Stay Healthy :)");     // Give some cheers
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("Get Well Soon :)");    // wish 
}

void helpScreen() {              // function to display 1st screen in LCD
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Press Buttons");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("for Reminder...!");
    
 }

void timeScreen() {              // function to display Date and time in LCD screen
  DateTime now = rtc.now();             // take rtc time and print in display
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Time:");
    lcd.setCursor(6, 0);
    lcd.print(nowHr = now.hour(), DEC);
    lcd.print(":");
    lcd.print(nowMin = now.minute(), DEC);
    lcd.print(":");
    lcd.print(nowSec = now.second(), DEC);
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("Date: ");
    lcd.print(now.day(), DEC);
    lcd.print("/");
    lcd.print(now.month(), DEC);
    lcd.print("/");
    lcd.print(now.year(), DEC);
}

void setup() {

  Serial.begin(9600);                      // start serial debugging
  if (! rtc.begin()) {                      // check if rtc is connected 
    Serial.println("Couldn't find RTC");
    while (1);
  }
  if (rtc.lostPower()) {
    Serial.println("RTC lost power, lets set the time!");
  }

//    rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__), F(__TIME__)));            // uncomment this to set the current time and then comment in next upload when u set the time
  rtc.adjust(DateTime(2019, 1, 10, 7, 59, 30));                // manual time set

  lcd.begin(16, 2);
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("Welcome To");                                      // print a messege at startup
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.print("Circuit Digest");
  delay(1000);
  pinMode(push1pin, INPUT);                                    // define push button pins type
  pinMode(push2pin, INPUT);
  pinMode(push3pin, INPUT);
  pinMode(stopPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
  delay(200);
  Serial.println(EEPROM.read(addr));
  val2 = EEPROM.read(addr);                         // read previosuly saved value of push button to start from where it was left previously
  switch (val2) {
    case 1:
      Serial.println("Set for 1/day");
      push1state = 1;
      push2state = 0;
      push3state = 0;
      pushVal = 1;
      break;
    case 2:
      Serial.println("Set for 2/day");
      push1state = 0;
      push2state = 1;
      push3state = 0;
      pushVal = 2;

      break;
    case 3:
      Serial.println("Set for 3/day");
      push1state = 0;
      push2state = 0;
      push3state = 1;
      pushVal = 3;

      break;
  }

}

void loop() {
  push1();                                             //call to set once/day 
  push2();                                             //call to set twice/day 
  push3();                                             //call to set thrice/day 
    if (pushVal == 1) {                                // if push button 1 pressed then remind at 8am
    at8am();                                           //function to start uzzing at 8am 
  }
  else if (pushVal == 2) {                             // if push button 2 pressed then remind at 8am and 8pm
    at8am();                                            
    at8pm();                                           //function to start uzzing at 8mm
  }
  else if (pushVal == 3) {                             // if push button 3 pressed then remind at 8am and 8pm
    at8am();
    at2pm();                                            //function to start uzzing at 8mm
    at8pm();
  }
  
  currentMillisLCD = millis();                         // start millis for LCD screen switching at defined interval of time
  push1state = digitalRead(push1pin);                  // start reading all push button pins
  push2state = digitalRead(push2pin);
  push3state = digitalRead(push3pin);
  stopinState = digitalRead(stopPin);
  
  stopPins();                                            // call to stop buzzing
  changeScreen();                                        // screen cycle function

}

// push buttons
void push1() {                   // function to set reminder once/day 
  if (push1state == 1) {
    push1state = 0;
    push2state = 0;
    push3state = 0;
//    pushPressed = true;
    EEPROM.write(addr, 1);
    Serial.print("Push1 Written : "); Serial.println(EEPROM.read(addr));  // for debugging
    pushVal = 1;                                             //save the state of push button-1 
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Reminder set ");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("for Once/day !");
    delay(1200);
    lcd.clear();
  }
}

void push2() {                      //function to set reminder twice/day
  if (push2state == 1) {
    push2state = 0;
    push1state = 0;
    push3state = 0;
//    pushPressed = true;
    EEPROM.write(addr, 2);
    Serial.print("Push2 Written : "); Serial.println(EEPROM.read(addr));
    pushVal = 2;
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Reminder set ");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("for Twice/day !");
    delay(1200);
    lcd.clear();
  }
}

void push3() {                    //function to set reminder thrice/day
  if (push3state == 1) {
    push3state = 0;
    push1state = 0;
    push2state = 0;
//    pushPressed = true;
    EEPROM.write(addr, 3);
    Serial.print("Push3 Written : "); Serial.println(EEPROM.read(addr));
    pushVal = 3;
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Reminder set ");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("for Thrice/day !");
    delay(1200);
    lcd.clear();
  }
}

void stopPins() {                   //function to stop buzzing when user pushes stop push button
  if (stopinState == 1) {
//    stopinState = 0;
//    pushPressed = true;
    pushpressed = 1;
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Take Medicine  ");
    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
    lcd.print("with Warm Water");
    delay(1200);
    lcd.clear();
  }
}

void startBuzz() {                    // function to start buzzing when time reaches to defined interval

//  if (pushPressed == false) {
 if (pushpressed == 0) {
    Serial.println("pushpressed is false in blink");
    unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
    if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= interval) {
      previousMillis = currentMillis;         // save the last time you blinked the LED
      Serial.println("Start Buzzing");
      if (ledState == LOW) {                  // if the LED is off turn it on and vice-versa:
        ledState = HIGH;
      }  else {
        ledState = LOW;
      }
      digitalWrite(ledPin, ledState);
    }
  }
  else if (pushpressed == 1) {
    Serial.println("pushpressed is true");
    ledState = LOW;
    digitalWrite(ledPin, ledState);
  }
}

void at8am() {                      // function to start buzzing at 8am
  DateTime now = rtc.now();
  if (int(now.hour()) >= buzz8amHH) {
    if (int(now.minute()) >= buzz8amMM) {
      if (int(now.second()) > buzz8amSS) {
        /

        startBuzz();
        /
      }
    }
  }
}

void at2pm() {                          // function to start buzzing at 2pm
  DateTime now = rtc.now();
  if (int(now.hour()) >= buzz2pmHH) {
    if (int(now.minute()) >= buzz2pmMM) {
      if (int(now.second()) > buzz2pmSS) {
       
        ///
        startBuzz();
        //
      }
    }
  }
}

void at8pm() {                           // function to start buzzing at 8pm
  DateTime now = rtc.now();
  if (int(now.hour()) >= buzz8pmHH) {
    if (int(now.minute()) >= buzz8pmMM) {
      if (int(now.second()) > buzz8pmSS) {
        
        /
        startBuzz();
        /
      }
    }
  }
}

//Screen Cycling
void changeScreen() {                 //function for Screen Cycling
  // Start switching screen every defined intervalLCD
  if (currentMillisLCD - previousMillisLCD > intervalLCD)             // save the last time you changed the display
  {
    previousMillisLCD = currentMillisLCD;
    screens++;
    if (screens > maxScreen) {
      screens = 0;  // all screens over -> start from 1st
    }
    isScreenChanged = true;
  }

  // Start displaying current screen
  if (isScreenChanged)   // only update the screen if the screen is changed.
  {
    isScreenChanged = false; // reset for next iteration
    switch (screens)
    {
      case getWellsoon:
        gwsMessege();                // get well soon message
        break;
      case HELP_SCREEN:              
        helpScreen();               // instruction screen
        break;
      case TIME_SCREEN:
        timeScreen();                  // to print date and time
        break;
      default:
        //NOT SET.
        break;
    }
  }
}