MySQL-使用SQl语句进行数据库数据导入及导出操作

使用SQL语句完成下列导出、导入操作：

1. 将/etc/passwd文件导入userdb库user表并给每条记录加编号
2. 将userdb库user表中UID小于100的前10条记录导出，存为/myload/user2.txt文件

步骤一：将/etc/passwd文件导入MySQL数据库

导入后的表结构取决于/etc/passwd配置文件。若一时记不住各字段的含义，也可以查看passwd配置文件的man手册页，找到格式描述相关的说明，比如：

[root@zhangyx ~]# man 1 passwd
PASSWD(1)             User utilities             PASSWD(1)

NAME
       passwd - update user's authentication tokens

SYNOPSIS
       passwd  [-k]  [-l] [-u [-f]] [-d] [-e] [-n mindays]
       [-x maxdays] [-w warndays] [-i  inactivedays]  [-S]
       [--stdin] [username]

DESCRIPTION
       The passwd utility is used to update user's authen‐
       tication token(s).

       This task is achieved through calls to  the  Linux-
       PAM  and  Libuser API.  Essentially, it initializes
       itself as a "passwd"  service  with  Linux-PAM  and
       utilizes  configured  password modules to authenti‐
       cate and then update a user's password.

       A simple entry in the global  Linux-PAM  configura‐
       tion file for this service would be:

        #
        # passwd service entry that does strength checking
       of
        # a proposed password before updating it.
        #
        passwd password requisite pam_cracklib.so retry=3
        passwd password required pam_unix.so use_authtok
        #

       Note, other module types are not required for  this
       application to function correctly.

1）新建userdb库、user表

以数据库用户root登入MySQL服务：

[root@zhangyx ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.27-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

新建userd库，切换到userd库：

mysql> create database userd;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> USE userd;
Database changed
mysql> 

新建user表，字段设置及相关操作参考如下：

mysql> create table user(
    -> username varchar(24) NOT NULL,
    -> password varchar(48) DEFAULT 'x',
    -> uid int(5) NOT NULL,
    -> fullname varchar(48),
    -> homedir varchar(64) NOT NULL,
    -> shell varchar(24) NOT NULL
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

确认user表的结构：

mysql> DESC user;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| username | varchar(24) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| password | varchar(48) | YES  |     | x       |       |
| uid      | int(5)      | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| fullname | varchar(48) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| homedir  | varchar(64) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| shell    | varchar(24) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
+----------+---