前言
This Series aritcles are all based on the book 《经典算法大全》; 对于该书的所有案例进行一个探究和拓展,并且用python和C++进行实现; 目的是熟悉常用算法过程中的技巧和逻辑拓展。
提出问题
12.Algorithm Gossip: 双色、三色河内塔
基本说明
双色河内塔与三色河内塔是由之前所介绍过的河内塔规则衍生而来,就是每层是两种颜色交替。而三色河内塔则是每层是三种颜色交替。
解法
无论是双色河内塔或是三色河内塔,其解法观念与之前介绍过的河内塔是类似的,同样也是使用递回来解,不过这次递回解法的目的不同,同样对待递归问题, 解法非常单一, 注意到递归的出口,午后效性(就是递归深度的上下级联系); 我们先来看只有两个盘的情况,这很简单 ,只要将第一柱的黄色移动至第二柱,而接下来第一柱的蓝色移动至第三柱。再来是四个盘的情况,首先必须用递回完成。
双色河内塔 C 实作
#include <stdio.h>
void hanoi(int disks, char source,char temp, char target){
if (disks == 1) {
printf("move disk from %c to %c\n",source,target);
printf("move disk from %c to %c\n",source,target);
} else {
hanoi(disks-1,source,target,temp);
hanoi(1,source,temp, target);
hanoi(disks-1,temp, source,target);
}
}
void hanoi2colors(int disks){
char source = 'A';
char temp = 'B';
char target = 'C';
int i;
for(i = disks / 2; i > 1; i--) {
hanoi(i-1, source,temp, target);
printf("move disk from %c to %c\n",source,temp);
printf("move disk from %c to %c\n",source,temp);
hanoi(i-1, target,temp, source);
printf("move disk from %c to %c\n",temp, target);
}
printf("move disk from %c to %c\n",source,temp);
printf("move disk from %c to %c\n",source,target);
}
int main() {
int n;
printf("请输入盘数:");
scanf("%d", &n);
hanoi2colors(n);
return 0;
}
三色河内塔 C#include
代码
三色塔 python 实现
#include <stdio.h>
def hanoi(disks, source,temp, target):
if disks == 1:
print('move disk from',source,'to', target)
print('move disk from',source,'to', target)
print('move disk from',source,'to', target)
else:
hanoi(disks-1,source,target,temp)
hanoi(1,source,temp, target)
hanoi(disks-1,temp, source,target)
def hanoi3colors(disks):
source = 'A'
temp = 'B'
target = 'C'
if(disks == 3):
print('move disk from',source,'to', temp)
print('move disk from',source,'to', temp)
print('move disk from',source,'to', target)
print('move disk from',temp,'to', target)
print('move disk from',temp,'to', source)
print('move disk from',target,'to', temp)
else:
hanoi(disks/3-1,source,temp, target)
print('move disk from',source,'to', temp)
print('move disk from',source,'to', temp)
print('move disk from',source,'to', temp)
hanoi(disks/3-1,target,temp, source)
print('move disk from',temp,'to', target)
print('move disk from',temp,'to', target)
print('move disk from',temp,'to', target)
hanoi(disks/3-1,source,target,temp)
print('move disk from',target,'to', source)
print('move disk from',target,'to', source)
hanoi(disks/3-1,temp, source,target)
print('move disk from',source,'to', temp)
for i in [disks/3 -1 - i for i in range(int(disks/3-1))]:
if (i>1):
hanoi(i-1, target,source,temp)
print('move disk from',target,'to', source)
print('move disk from',target,'to', source)
if (i>1):
hanoi(i-1, temp, source,target)
print('move disk from',source,'to', temp)
hanoi3colors(6)
拓展和关联
后记
参考书籍
- 《经典算法大全》
- 维基百科