Interpretation of regular expression in java

什么是正则表达式

一个特殊字符串，用于描述匹配一个字符串集合的模式。可以用它来进行字符串的匹配、替换和拆分。

正则表达式语法

用于匹配符合某一特征的字符串

Metacharacter	Description
|	Find a match for any one of the patterns separated by | as in: cat|dog|fish
.	Find just one instance of any character
^	Finds a match as the beginning of a string as in: ^Hello
$	Finds a match at the end of the string as in: World$
\d	Find a digit
\s	Find a whitespace character
\b	Find a match at the beginning of a word like this: \bWORD, or at the end of a word like this: WORD\b
\uxxxx	Find the Unicode character specified by the hexadecimal number xxxx

用于搜索在某一范围内的字符

Expression	Description
[abc]	Find one character from the options between the brackets
[^abc]	Find one character NOT between the brackets
[0-9]	Find one character from the range 0 to 9

用于匹配字符出现的次数

Quantifier	Description
n+	Matches any string that contains at least one n
n*	Matches any string that contains zero or more occurrences of n
n?	Matches any string that contains zero or one occurrences of n
n{x}	Matches any string that contains a sequence of X n's
n{x,y}	Matches any string that contains a sequence of X to Y n's
n{x,}	Matches any string that contains a sequence of at least X n's

匹配字符串

使用String中的matches方法来匹配字符串，返回True或者False

替换和拆分字符串

使用String中的replaceAll方法替换所有匹配的子字符串，类似的方法还有replaceFirst

使用split方法将一个字符串以匹配的分隔符拆分为子字符串

note

正则表达式以元表达式的形式给出，Java中若要使用 \ 要以转义字符 \\ 表示

默认情况下，量词符都是贪婪的，如

System.out.println(“Jaaavaa".replaceFirst("a+","R"));

会匹配到 aaa ，可以通过在正则表达式后面加？使量词符变为惰性，如

System.out.println(“Jaaavaa".replaceFirst("a+？","R"));

会匹配到 a