一、迭代器简介
Iterater,英文本意为“反复”,IteratorPattern是指依序遍历并处理多个数字或变量
二、示例
我要做什么?将若干书本(Book),放置到书架上(BookShelf),遍历一个书架中的书本并输出书名。
聚合接口Aggregate
package IteratorPattern;
/*定义建立Iterator 参与者API*/
public interface Aggregate {
//声明一个抽象方法iterator()
public abstract Iterator iterator();
}
迭代器接口 Iterator
package IteratorPattern;
/*迭代器接口*/
public interface Iterator {
public abstract boolean hasNext();
public abstract Object next();
}
实体类Book
package IteratorPattern;
public class Book {
private String name = "";
public Book(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
// public void setName(String name) {
// this.name = name;
// }
}
实体类BookShelf
实现Aggregate接口
package IteratorPattern;
public class BookShelf implements Aggregate {
private Book[] books;
private int last = 0;
//初始化
public BookShelf(int maxSize) {
this.books = new Book[maxSize];
}
//获取
public Book getBookAt(int index){
return this.books[index];
}
//追加
public void appendBook(Book book){
this.books[last] = book;
this.last++;
}
public int getLength(){
return this.last;
}
@Override
public Iterator iterator() {
return new BookShelfIterator(this);
}
}
迭代器BookShelfIterator
实现Iterator接口
package IteratorPattern;
/*具体迭代器,扫描BookShelf类*/
public class BookShelfIterator implements Iterator {
private BookShelf bookShelf;
private int index;
//初始化
public BookShelfIterator (BookShelf bookShelf){
this.bookShelf = bookShelf;
this.index = 0;
}
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
if(index < bookShelf.getLength()){
return true;
}else {
return false;
}
}
@Override
public Object next() {
Book book = bookShelf.getBookAt(index);
index++;
return book;
}
}
测试类TestBook
package IteratorPattern;
public class TestBook {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BookShelf bookShelf = new BookShelf(4);
bookShelf.appendBook(new Book("0号"));
bookShelf.appendBook(new Book("1号"));
bookShelf.appendBook(new Book("2号"));
bookShelf.appendBook(new Book("3号"));
Iterator it = bookShelf.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()){
Book book = (Book) it.next();
System.out.println(book.getName());
}
}
}
改造:书架的容量不写死,初始化一个容量后,若达到初始化容量还可以添加书籍。
import java.util.Vector
public class BookShelf implments Aggregate {
private Vector books;
public BookShelf(int initialSize)
{
this.books = new Vector(initialSize);
}
//获取
public Book getBookAt(int index){
return (Book)books.get(index);
}
//追加
public void appendBook(Book book){
books.add(book)
}
public int getLength(){
return books.size();
}
@Override
public Iterator iterator() {
return new BookShelfIterator(this);
}
}
总结
IteratorPattern类图如下
黑色实心三角形:类间关联性
虚线+空心三角形:实现
实线+箭头全黑:关联(调用)
尾部为空心菱形的实线箭头:聚合(整体和个体生命周期独立)