【设计模式_1】IteratorPattern迭代器

一、迭代器简介

Iterater，英文本意为“反复”，IteratorPattern是指依序遍历并处理多个数字或变量

二、示例

我要做什么？将若干书本（Book），放置到书架上（BookShelf），遍历一个书架中的书本并输出书名。

聚合接口Aggregate

package IteratorPattern;
/*定义建立Iterator 参与者API*/
public interface Aggregate {
    //声明一个抽象方法iterator()
    public abstract Iterator iterator();
}

迭代器接口 Iterator

package IteratorPattern;
/*迭代器接口*/
public interface Iterator {
    public abstract boolean hasNext();
    public abstract Object next();
}

实体类Book

package IteratorPattern;

public class Book {
    private String name = "";

    public Book(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

//    public void setName(String name) {
//        this.name = name;
//    }
}

实体类BookShelf
实现Aggregate接口

package IteratorPattern;

public class BookShelf implements Aggregate {
    private Book[] books;
    private int last = 0;

    //初始化
    public BookShelf(int maxSize) {
        this.books = new Book[maxSize];
    }

    //获取
    public Book getBookAt(int index){
        return this.books[index];
    }

    //追加
    public void appendBook(Book book){
        this.books[last] = book;
        this.last++;
    }

    public int getLength(){
        return this.last;
    }


    @Override
    public Iterator iterator() {
        return new BookShelfIterator(this);
    }
}

迭代器BookShelfIterator
实现Iterator接口

package IteratorPattern;

/*具体迭代器，扫描BookShelf类*/
public class BookShelfIterator implements Iterator {
    private BookShelf bookShelf;
    private int index;
    //初始化
    public BookShelfIterator (BookShelf bookShelf){
        this.bookShelf = bookShelf;
        this.index = 0;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean hasNext() {
        if(index < bookShelf.getLength()){
            return true;
        }else {
            return false;
        }
    }
    
    @Override
    public Object next() {
        Book book = bookShelf.getBookAt(index);
        index++;
        return book;
    }
}

测试类TestBook

package IteratorPattern;

public class TestBook {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BookShelf bookShelf = new BookShelf(4);
        bookShelf.appendBook(new Book("0号"));
        bookShelf.appendBook(new Book("1号"));
        bookShelf.appendBook(new Book("2号"));
        bookShelf.appendBook(new Book("3号"));

        Iterator it = bookShelf.iterator();
        while (it.hasNext()){
            Book book = (Book) it.next();
            System.out.println(book.getName());
        }
    }
}

改造：书架的容量不写死，初始化一个容量后，若达到初始化容量还可以添加书籍。

import java.util.Vector

public class BookShelf implments Aggregate {
	private Vector books;
	public BookShelf(int initialSize)
	{
		this.books = new Vector(initialSize);
	}
	 //获取
    public Book getBookAt(int index){
        return (Book)books.get(index);
    }

    //追加
    public void appendBook(Book book){
		books.add(book)
    }

    public int getLength(){
        return books.size();
    }

    @Override
    public Iterator iterator() {
        return new BookShelfIterator(this);
    }
}

总结

IteratorPattern类图如下

黑色实心三角形：类间关联性
虚线+空心三角形：实现
实线+箭头全黑：关联（调用）
尾部为空心菱形的实线箭头：聚合（整体和个体生命周期独立）

图例参考