测试libevent的使用

reactor机制在libevent上体现，在更深入的解析源码之前，觉得还是用一个例子来说明如果使用libevent。代码修改自libevent官方测试文件。

/*
 * Compile with:
 * cc -I/usr/local/include -o time-test time-test.c -L/usr/local/lib -levent
 */
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
//#include "event-config.h"
#endif


#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#ifdef _EVENT_HAVE_SYS_SOCKET_H
#include <sys/socket.h>
#endif
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>

#include <event.h>

 static void
write_cb(int fd, short event, void *arg)
{
	const char *test = "test call back";
	int len;

	len = write(fd, test, strlen(test) + 1);

	printf("%s %s %d: write %d -> %s\n",__FILE__, __func__,__LINE__,
		 len, test);

}

 static void
read_cb(int fd, short event, void *arg)
{
	const int length = 256;
	char test[length] ;
	int len;

	len = read(fd, test, length);

	printf("%s %s %d: read %d -> %s\n",__FILE__, __func__,__LINE__,
		 len, test);

}

 static void
 add_event(int fd, short EV_FLAGS, void* (*callback) (int , short , void *))
 {
 	struct event ev;
 	event_set(&ev, fd, EV_FLAGS, callback, &ev);
	event_add(&ev, NULL);
 }

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	struct event ev0, ev1;
	int pair[2];

	// if (evutil_socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, pair) == -1)
	// 	return (1);

	/* Initalize the event library */
	struct event_base *base = event_init();

	
	if (pipe(pair) == -1) 
	{
		if (evutil_socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, pair) == -1)
		 {
			perror("pipe");
			exit(1);		
		}
	}

	event_set(&ev0, pair[0], EV_READ, read_cb, &ev0);
	event_set(&ev1, pair[1], EV_WRITE, write_cb, &ev1);

	event_add(&ev0, NULL);
	event_add(&ev1, NULL);

	// add_event(pair[1], EV_WRITE, write_cb);

	// add_event(pair[0], EV_READ, read_cb);


	event_base_dispatch(base);

	return (0);
}

注意，每一个不同的时间，都需要创建自己的event结构体，然后用event_set给该时间赋予监听句柄、何种事件，事件发生时的回调函数。

event_set的源码实现如下

void
event_set(struct event *ev, evutil_socket_t fd, short events,
	  void (*callback)(evutil_socket_t, short, void *), void *arg)
{
	int r;
	r = event_assign(ev, current_base, fd, events, callback, arg);
	EVUTIL_ASSERT(r == 0);
}

调用了函数 event_assign

int
event_assign(struct event *ev, struct event_base *base, evutil_socket_t fd, short events, void (*callback)(evutil_socket_t, short, void *), void *arg)
{
	if (!base)
		base = current_base;

	_event_debug_assert_not_added(ev);

	ev->ev_base = base;

	ev->ev_callback = callback;
	ev->ev_arg = arg;
	ev->ev_fd = fd;
	ev->ev_events = events;
	ev->ev_res = 0;
	ev->ev_flags = EVLIST_INIT;
	ev->ev_ncalls = 0;
	ev->ev_pncalls = NULL;

	if (events & EV_SIGNAL) {
		if ((events & (EV_READ|EV_WRITE)) != 0) {
			event_warnx("%s: EV_SIGNAL is not compatible with "
			    "EV_READ or EV_WRITE", __func__);
			return -1;
		}
		ev->ev_closure = EV_CLOSURE_SIGNAL;
	} else {
		if (events & EV_PERSIST) {
			evutil_timerclear(&ev->ev_io_timeout);
			ev->ev_closure = EV_CLOSURE_PERSIST;
		} else {
			ev->ev_closure = EV_CLOSURE_NONE;
		}
	}

	min_heap_elem_init(ev);

	if (base != NULL) {
		/* by default, we put new events into the middle priority */
		ev->ev_pri = base->nactivequeues / 2;
	}

	_event_debug_note_setup(ev);

	return 0;
}

event_add的作用是将事件添加到相应队列，事件的处理是在队列的中完成的。这点比较好理解的例子是，当在epoll/select这些IO复用中监听到socket活跃的句柄，并不立即对该句柄进行读写操作，而是将该句柄的时间放入对应的队列，然后由队列完成。

int
event_add(struct event *ev, const struct timeval *tv)
{
	int res;

	if (EVUTIL_FAILURE_CHECK(!ev->ev_base)) {
		event_warnx("%s: event has no event_base set.", __func__);
		return -1;
	}

	EVBASE_ACQUIRE_LOCK(ev->ev_base, th_base_lock);

	res = event_add_internal(ev, tv, 0);

	EVBASE_RELEASE_LOCK(ev->ev_base, th_base_lock);

	return (res);
}

出去一些资源锁定操作，调用了event_add_internal：

/* Implementation function to add an event.  Works just like event_add,
 * except: 1) it requires that we have the lock.  2) if tv_is_absolute is set,
 * we treat tv as an absolute time, not as an interval to add to the current
 * time */
static inline int
event_add_internal(struct event *ev, const struct timeval *tv,
    int tv_is_absolute)
{
	struct event_base *base = ev->ev_base;
	int res = 0;
	int notify = 0;

	EVENT_BASE_ASSERT_LOCKED(base);
	_event_debug_assert_is_setup(ev);

	event_debug((
		 "event_add: event: %p (fd "EV_SOCK_FMT"), %s%s%scall %p",
		 ev,
		 EV_SOCK_ARG(ev->ev_fd),
		 ev->ev_events & EV_READ ? "EV_READ " : " ",
		 ev->ev_events & EV_WRITE ? "EV_WRITE " : " ",
		 tv ? "EV_TIMEOUT " : " ",
		 ev->ev_callback));

	EVUTIL_ASSERT(!(ev->ev_flags & ~EVLIST_ALL));

	/*
	 * prepare for timeout insertion further below, if we get a
	 * failure on any step, we should not change any state.
	 */
	if (tv != NULL && !(ev->ev_flags & EVLIST_TIMEOUT)) {
		if (min_heap_reserve(&base->timeheap,
			1 + min_heap_size(&base->timeheap)) == -1)
			return (-1);  /* ENOMEM == errno */
	}

	/* If the main thread is currently executing a signal event's
	 * callback, and we are not the main thread, then we want to wait
	 * until the callback is done before we mess with the event, or else
	 * we can race on ev_ncalls and ev_pncalls below. */
#ifndef _EVENT_DISABLE_THREAD_SUPPORT
	if (base->current_event == ev && (ev->ev_events & EV_SIGNAL)
	    && !EVBASE_IN_THREAD(base)) {
		++base->current_event_waiters;
		EVTHREAD_COND_WAIT(base->current_event_cond, base->th_base_lock);
	}
#endif

	if ((ev->ev_events & (EV_READ|EV_WRITE|EV_SIGNAL)) &&
	    !(ev->ev_flags & (EVLIST_INSERTED|EVLIST_ACTIVE))) {
		if (ev->ev_events & (EV_READ|EV_WRITE))
			res = evmap_io_add(base, ev->ev_fd, ev);
		else if (ev->ev_events & EV_SIGNAL)
			res = evmap_signal_add(base, (int)ev->ev_fd, ev);
		if (res != -1)
			event_queue_insert(base, ev, EVLIST_INSERTED);
		if (res == 1) {
			/* evmap says we need to notify the main thread. */
			notify = 1;
			res = 0;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * we should change the timeout state only if the previous event
	 * addition succeeded.
	 */
	if (res != -1 && tv != NULL) {
		struct timeval now;
		int common_timeout;

		/*
		 * for persistent timeout events, we remember the
		 * timeout value and re-add the event.
		 *
		 * If tv_is_absolute, this was already set.
		 */
		if (ev->ev_closure == EV_CLOSURE_PERSIST && !tv_is_absolute)
			ev->ev_io_timeout = *tv;

		/*
		 * we already reserved memory above for the case where we
		 * are not replacing an existing timeout.
		 */
		if (ev->ev_flags & EVLIST_TIMEOUT) {
			/* XXX I believe this is needless. */
			if (min_heap_elt_is_top(ev))
				notify = 1;
			event_queue_remove(base, ev, EVLIST_TIMEOUT);
		}

		/* Check if it is active due to a timeout.  Rescheduling
		 * this timeout before the callback can be executed
		 * removes it from the active list. */
		if ((ev->ev_flags & EVLIST_ACTIVE) &&
		    (ev->ev_res & EV_TIMEOUT)) {
			if (ev->ev_events & EV_SIGNAL) {
				/* See if we are just active executing
				 * this event in a loop
				 */
				if (ev->ev_ncalls && ev->ev_pncalls) {
					/* Abort loop */
					*ev->ev_pncalls = 0;
				}
			}

			event_queue_remove(base, ev, EVLIST_ACTIVE);
		}

		gettime(base, &now);

		common_timeout = is_common_timeout(tv, base);
		if (tv_is_absolute) {
			ev->ev_timeout = *tv;
		} else if (common_timeout) {
			struct timeval tmp = *tv;
			tmp.tv_usec &= MICROSECONDS_MASK;
			evutil_timeradd(&now, &tmp, &ev->ev_timeout);
			ev->ev_timeout.tv_usec |=
			    (tv->tv_usec & ~MICROSECONDS_MASK);
		} else {
			evutil_timeradd(&now, tv, &ev->ev_timeout);
		}

		event_debug((
			 "event_add: timeout in %d seconds, call %p",
			 (int)tv->tv_sec, ev->ev_callback));

		event_queue_insert(base, ev, EVLIST_TIMEOUT);
		if (common_timeout) {
			struct common_timeout_list *ctl =
			    get_common_timeout_list(base, &ev->ev_timeout);
			if (ev == TAILQ_FIRST(&ctl->events)) {
				common_timeout_schedule(ctl, &now, ev);
			}
		} else {
			/* See if the earliest timeout is now earlier than it
			 * was before: if so, we will need to tell the main
			 * thread to wake up earlier than it would
			 * otherwise. */
			if (min_heap_elt_is_top(ev))
				notify = 1;
		}
	}

	/* if we are not in the right thread, we need to wake up the loop */
	if (res != -1 && notify && EVBASE_NEED_NOTIFY(base))
		evthread_notify_base(base);

	_event_debug_note_add(ev);

	return (res);
}

由于本例中的事件性质属于读写，所以添加到了IO队列

/* return -1 on error, 0 on success if nothing changed in the event backend,
 * and 1 on success if something did. */
int
evmap_io_add(struct event_base *base, evutil_socket_t fd, struct event *ev)
{
	const struct eventop *evsel = base->evsel;
	struct event_io_map *io = &base->io;
	struct evmap_io *ctx = NULL;
	int nread, nwrite, retval = 0;
	short res = 0, old = 0;
	struct event *old_ev;

	EVUTIL_ASSERT(fd == ev->ev_fd);

	if (fd < 0)
		return 0;

#ifndef EVMAP_USE_HT
	if (fd >= io->nentries) {
		if (evmap_make_space(io, fd, sizeof(struct evmap_io *)) == -1)
			return (-1);
	}
#endif
	GET_IO_SLOT_AND_CTOR(ctx, io, fd, evmap_io, evmap_io_init,
						 evsel->fdinfo_len);

	nread = ctx->nread;
	nwrite = ctx->nwrite;

	if (nread)
		old |= EV_READ;
	if (nwrite)
		old |= EV_WRITE;

	if (ev->ev_events & EV_READ) {
		if (++nread == 1)
			res |= EV_READ;
	}
	if (ev->ev_events & EV_WRITE) {
		if (++nwrite == 1)
			res |= EV_WRITE;
	}
	if (EVUTIL_UNLIKELY(nread > 0xffff || nwrite > 0xffff)) {
		event_warnx("Too many events reading or writing on fd %d",
		    (int)fd);
		return -1;
	}
	if (EVENT_DEBUG_MODE_IS_ON() &&
	    (old_ev = TAILQ_FIRST(&ctx->events)) &&
	    (old_ev->ev_events&EV_ET) != (ev->ev_events&EV_ET)) {
		event_warnx("Tried to mix edge-triggered and non-edge-triggered"
		    " events on fd %d", (int)fd);
		return -1;
	}

	if (res) {
		void *extra = ((char*)ctx) + sizeof(struct evmap_io);
		/* XXX(niels): we cannot mix edge-triggered and
		 * level-triggered, we should probably assert on
		 * this. */
		if (evsel->add(base, ev->ev_fd,
			old, (ev->ev_events & EV_ET) | res, extra) == -1)
			return (-1);
		retval = 1;
	}

	ctx->nread = (ev_uint16_t) nread;
	ctx->nwrite = (ev_uint16_t) nwrite;
	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&ctx->events, ev, ev_io_next);

	return (retval);
}

用宏生成的伪函数代码如下，可以看出，除了插入队列里，什么也没做。

#define TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(head, elm, field) do {			\
	(elm)->field.tqe_next = NULL;					\
	(elm)->field.tqe_prev = (head)->tqh_last;			\
	*(head)->tqh_last = (elm);					\
	(head)->tqh_last = &(elm)->field.tqe_next;			\
} while (0)